2. Norman Conquest of England, Battle of Hastings 1066 King Harold William I 1002 Massacre of Danes by Ethelred the Red less King Ethelred the Red less Battle of Brunanburgh 937 King Athelstan

3. 1215 Magna Carta King Henry III 1214 Battle of Bouvinas King John 1096- 1204 All five crusades occur

4. Battle of Brunanburgh – West Saxon vs. Athelstan – Athelstan invaded Saxon areas which provoked this battle 1002 Massacre of Danes – Vikings killed all Danish people in England – Danish attacked Vikings for 997- 1001 provoking massacre

5. Norman Conquest of England, Battle of Hastings 1066 – Invasion of England by William Duke – Removed native ruling, replacing it with French – Brought about English language 1214 Battle of Bouvines – Battle that ended war of Bouvines – Puts English King in charge which leads to Magna Carta

6. Christian conquests to win “Holy land” – Christian states of Europe vs. Saracens Pope wanted: – Catholic Unity – Show his power Knights wanted: – Glory – Honor and Riches Merchants wanted and made: – Money – Weapons and Vehicles

7. Led by four medieval knights – Godfrey de Bouillon – Raymond of Toulouse – Bohemond of Sicily – Tancred of Sicily Captured city of Nicaea, Jerusalem Siege lasted until June 1098

8. Quickest and shortest of all crusades 1147- 1149 Complete failure Lost to Suleiman

9. It was a failure After some military successes, the Christian powers argued over the spoils of war Started losing battles Signed a treaty with Muslim so Jerusalem would remain under Muslim power

10. Fourth Sack Constantinople Split of Eastern orthodox/ catholic churches Fifth Also known as “children's crusade” Send children to fight Muslims Led by Princes Kids captured by Venation merchants Forced into slavery

11. Become in power of vassals Decline of power of the pope Increased amounts of trade Influenced: – Political effects – Intellectual development – Voyages of discovery

12. Fought from 1337- 1453 War fought between England and France England wanted South western part of France England won by wearing down the French overtime