1. CHAPTER 2 SEC. 1 SPAIN’S EMPIRE IN THE AMERICAS
Mr. Clifford

2. WHAT IS THE MAIN IDEA OF THE SECTION
Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish conquered Central and portions of North America.
WHY DOES THIS INFORMATION MATTER NOW?
-Spanish language, religion, and architecture continues to influence the Americas.

3. Chapter 2 Section 1 Vocabulary
Hernándo Cortés
conquistador
New Spain
mestizo
encomienda
Juan Ponce de León
New Mexico
Popé’s Rebellion

4. Spanish Claim a New Empire
Conquistadores: specially trained Spanish soldiers who colonized the New World in search for gold & silver.
       
With the help of superior weapons, native allies, & disease the Spanish dominated Native American populations.  The conquest produced enough gold and resources to make Spain the largest and strongest empire on earth.

6. Cortes Subdues the Aztecs
Hernando Cortes: a gifted Spanish diplomat & military leader
Cortes would force Aztecs (present day Mexico) to mine for gold an silver.
In 1520 CE, Aztecs rebelled against the Spanish and killed their leader Montezuma for allowing Cortes to take over their empire.
Aztecs were devastated by small pox which was brought by the Spanish.
The Spanish finally conquered the Aztecs in 1521.

7. Small Pox

8. Small Pox

9. Spanish Pattern of Conquest
Peninsulares: Spanish men who traveled to New Spain to settle and profit off the land.
Spanish men would marry Native American women and eventually, the entire society was mestizo. 
Mestizo: mixed race (European, Native American, and eventually African)

10. Spanish Pattern of Conquest
Encomienda System: oppressed the Native American by forcing them to work within a brutal labor system known as
Native Americans were forced to farm, ranch, or mine for Spanish landlords.

11. HOW TO CONQUER FOREIGN LANDS & NATIVE PEOPLES (THE SPANISH WAY)
1.) Committed expedition leader who is a good diplomat 2.) Strong military (conquistadors) and superior weapons to overtake native peoples 3.) Hidalgo’s and peninsulares to: - settle land and create plantations - marry Native American women and create a mestizo population. (Eventually, the population will all have Spanish blood) 4.) Impose ‘encomienda’ labor system to develop and harvest cash crops. 5.) Force Spanish culture and religion (Roman Catholicism) on Native America society.

12. Spain Enters Golden Age
16th century: Spain was the most powerful nation in the world.  Eventually, massive inflation would hit Spain.

13. The Conquistadores Push North
Spanish began funding more expeditions in search of land and gold.
Exploring Florida:
Spanish explorer Juan Ponce De Leon discovered Florida.
Settling the Southwest
Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led the first Spanish expedition into what is now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
Spanish priests and explorers followed Coronado’s trail and established congregacion’s.

14. Resistance to the Spanish
Conflict in New Mexico
Spanish settlers/priests attempted to convert Native Americans into Roman Catholics.
Spanish soldiers and priests destroyed sacred objects of Native Americans and punished Native Americans who did not convert.
Natives rebelled against Spanish attempts to transform their lives and beliefs.
  Pope’s Rebellion
- Successful Native American rebellion against Spanish priests and settlers.