2. Formal Operational Thought by: MaryJane Kiefer

3. Formal Operational Thought on the Cognitive Development of Adolescents, 11 years and up

4. Piaget Four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) preoperational stage (2 to 7 years) concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years) formal operational stage (11 years and up)

5. Formal Operational Thought Characteristics Effects on Personality and Behavior Achieving Formal Operational Thought Adolescent Education and Formal Operational Thought Problem Finding Stage

6. Characteristics The thinking of adolescents Radically different Propositional logic Problem solving techniques systematically investigate record results formed logical conclusions Elkind – the conquest of thought

7. Effects on Personality and Behavior Idealism – reflective thinking Discrepancy – hypocrisy (say vs. do) Self-Consciousness and Egocentrism – think about your own thoughts Conformity – pressure to conform to peers Decentering and a Life Plan – more objectivity and perspective

8. Achieving Formal Operational Thought Ages and Percentages – transformation from concrete to formal stage Test Level – measuring Maturation and Intelligence - nervous system and thought Cross-Cultural Studies – social experiences

9. Adolescent Education and Formal Operational Thought Traditional education methods vs. methods designed to encourage free-thinking Abstract thinking Problem solving Discussion groups Science experiments

10. Problem-Finding Stage Evidence of a 5 th stage of development Progressive changes in thought structure Cognitive growth is continuous

11. Formal Operational Thought