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Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Mortality of waterbirds in the Upper Mississippi River Jennifer Sauer; USGS—La Crosse, Wisconsin Dr. Rebecca.

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Presentation on theme: "Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Mortality of waterbirds in the Upper Mississippi River Jennifer Sauer; USGS—La Crosse, Wisconsin Dr. Rebecca."— Presentation transcript:

1 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Mortality of waterbirds in the Upper Mississippi River Jennifer Sauer; USGS—La Crosse, Wisconsin Dr. Rebecca Cole; USGS—Madison, Wisconsin Dr. Greg Sandland, UW-La Crosse Dr. Roger Haro, UW-La Crosse Jim Nissen; USFWS La Crosse District Ed Britton; USFWS Savanna District Jennifer Sauer; USGS—La Crosse, Wisconsin Dr. Rebecca Cole; USGS—Madison, Wisconsin Dr. Greg Sandland, UW-La Crosse Dr. Roger Haro, UW-La Crosse Jim Nissen; USFWS La Crosse District Ed Britton; USFWS Savanna District Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

2 Waterbird Mortalities

3 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Mortality Events 1998 2006-8 1992 1996-P 2002-P 2007 2001-4

4 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

5 Bithynia tentaculata

6 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Cyathocotyle bushiensis (Coots) Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Scaup, Coots) Leyogonimus polyoon (Coots)

7 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Pathology Sphaeridiotrema Sphaeridiotrema –reside in the small intestine –feed on blood, causing severe blood loss and anemia Cyathocotyle Cyathocotyle –reside in the ceca –cause a disruption in water and electrolyte balance Leyogonimus polyoon Leyogonimus polyoon – –infects primarily the upper and middle areas of the small intestine. – –severe enteritis characterized by thickening of the intestinal wall that blocks the lumen of the intestine

8 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Why are we concerned?

9 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Why are we concerned?

10 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Total Mortality Estimates 16,420 - 20,795 26,840 - 34,140 Total (Spring & Fall) 10,500 -13,000 2,100 - 2,700 Fall 2007 3,700 - 5,000 Fall 2006 150 - 200 5,300 - 7,000 Fall 2005 10-15 2,100 - 2,600 Fall 2004 6,100 - 7,600 Fall 2003 50 - 65 580 - 700 Fall 2002 Pool 8 Pool 7

11 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Synopsis of on-going work

12 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Lake Onalaska—2005 & 2007 NWHC lead

13 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Prevalence of Infection Overall prevalence for parasites at all sites across entire season was 70.75% Highest prevalence for a parasite was in August 83.1% Lowest prevalence for a parasite was in May 54.1%

14 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Treatments C = Control T1 = Gravel T2 = Gravel/sand mix T2 T1 C C T2 3 areas at ~90 feet 6 areas at 110 feet C T1 T2 2006 & 2007 Management study

15 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center MonitoringMonitoring Infected snails found in every pool sampled

16 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Pool 8 2007 Vegetation and Snail Sampling Pool 13 1 – 5 6-100 >100 <1000 >1000 Pool 8

17 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Example of sampling protocol Site 1 Site 2 X 2 30 cm60 cm A B A B N Cobble assessment 2008—Pools 7 and 8 study

18 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Snail comparisons between pools Pool 7 Pool 8

19 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

20 R 2 = 0.88; P = 0.014 Infection Rates

21 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Documented exotic infection patterns B. tentaculata C. bushiensis S. globulus L. polyoon After this summer, additional hosts identified: C. bushiensis S. globulus L. polyoon Amnicola Campeloma

22 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center C. bushiensis abundance – Pool 7

23 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center C. bushiensis abundance – Pool 8

24 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Experimental exposures Conclusion: Bithynia does not appear to be as susceptible to NATIVE parasite species as native snail species

25 Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Management Strategies Molluscacide; Decrease rip rap (rocks) Harvest submersed vegetation Harass birds?? Cover rip-rap Modify island design Pick up dead birds X X X X X

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