1. Chapter 13 North and South (1820-1860)
Section 1 The North’s Economy

2. Chapter Time Line

3. Chapter Time Line

4. Section 1-Polling Question
Which do you think is the most important innovation of the 1800s?
A. The expanding railway system
B. Faster communication
C. Faster ships and trains
D. More efficient manufacturing methods A B C D

5. Essential Question
What innovations in industry, travel, and communications changed the lives of Americans in the 1800s?

6. Technology and Industry
Innovations in industry and technology began to change the way Americans worked and traveled
Industrialization in the North developed in 3 phases
1. Manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers
2. Manufacturers built factories to bring specialized workers together (Products made quicker)
3. Factory workers used machinery to perform some of their work (Water or steam power)
From weaving to tending a machine

7. Section 1
What happened in the first phase of industrialization in the North?
A. Factory workers used machinery to perform some of their work.
B. Manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers.
C. Waterpower and steam power were used to produce more products in less time.
D. Manufacturers built factories to bring specialized workers together. A B C D

8. Mass Production in the North
Cotton textiles
Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846
Workers now created clothing on a large scale
Other industries also developed during the same time period
By The NORTHEAST’S factories produced at least 2/3 of the countries manufactured goods

9. Improved Transportation
Transportation improvements contributed to the success of America’s new industries
Between 1800 and thousands of miles of roads and canals were built
Canals opened new shipping routes
Robert Fulton’s steamboat could carry more goods and passengers more cheaply and quickly
Cities like Cincinnati, Buffalo, and Chicago grew
1840’s- Clipper ships could sail 300 miles per day (“Clipped time” from shipping)

10. Locomotives
Railroads started with short stretches of track to connect mines with nearby rivers
Horses pulled the early trains
The first steam powered locomotive, the Rocket, began operating in Britain in 1829
Peter Cooper created the first American steam locomotive in 1830 named Tom Thumb
Tom Thumb raced a horse with a train behind it
The horse won (Tom Thumb’s engine failed)
But within 10 years steam locomotives were pulling trains in the US

11. A Railway Network 1840- The US had about 3,000 miles of track
By The US had almost 61,000 miles of track
Mostly in the NORTH and Midwest
Connected larger cities together
Railway builders connected these eastern lines to lines being built farther west in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois
By The railroad track united the Midwest and East

12. Moving Goods and People
The railways transformed trade in the nation’s interior
No longer did people have to send agricultural goods down the Mississippi to market
Now east-west canal and rail network allowed grain, livestock, and dairy
Products could move directly from the Midwest to the East
Faster and cheaper
Manufacturers in the East could offer them at lower prices
Fast, affordable train travel brought people into Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois and the states populations grew
New towns and industries developed

13. Faster Communication
Growth of industry and new pace of travel created the need for better communication over vast distances
The telegraph filled the need
Samuel Morse demonstrated his “Morse Code” and sent messages across wires
Soon telegraph messages were flashed back and forth from Washington D.C. to Baltimore
The Associated Press was created in 1848
By There were about 23,000 miles of telegraph lines in the US

14. Agriculture
Agricultural technology allowed farmers to greatly increase the size of the harvests they produced
There were few farmers west of Missouri, Iowa, and Minnesota
These areas seemed too difficult to farm
Settlers worried their wooden plows could not break the prairie’s matted sod
Plus they thought the soil was not fertile enough

15. Section 1
Why were American farmers reluctant to cultivate large areas in the Midwest?
A. They feared tornadoes wiping out their crops
B. Their wooden plows could not break through the prairie sod.
C. They did not have access to new markets in which to sell their harvest
D. The border dispute with Mexico made the Midwest unstable. A B C D

16. Revolution in Agriculture
3 Revolutionary inventions of the 1830s changed farming methods and encouraged settlers to move west to farm
1. John Deere’s steel tipped plow in 1837
2. The mechanical reaper sped up harvesting of wheat
3. The thresher quickly separated the grain from the stalk

17. McCormick’s Reaper
Cyrus McCormick designed and created the mechanical reaper
Made a fortune manufacturing and selling it
Before McCormick’s Reaper, farmers harvested grain with handheld sickles
With McCormick’s Reaper, farmers could harvest grain much faster
Now farmers could plant more wheat and it became very profitable
This ensured raising wheat would remain the main economic activity in the Midwestern prairies

18. Farming
These new machines and railroads allowed farmers to devote more acres to cash crops
Midwestern farmers began growing wheat as a cash crop and shipping it to the east
Farmers in the Northeast and Middle Atlantic increased their production of fruits and vegetables
Despite improvements in agriculture, the North turned away from farming and toward industry
New England had rocky soil and industry flourished
The number of people working in factories continued to rise

19. Communications: telegraph
Essential Question
What innovations in industry, travel, and communications changed the lives of Americans in the 1800s?
-Industry: Division of labor, factories that used steam and water powered machines, mass production
Travel: locomotives, steamboats, clipper ships, roads, canals, railroad networks
Communications: telegraph

20. Chapter 13 Section 1 Quiz

21. After industrialization, workers’ tasks changed.
True
False

22. The sewing machine increased the rate at which clothing was produced.
True
False

23. Canals made shipping goods cheaper and faster
True
False

24. The increased number of canals and railways slowed down the transportation of agriculture.
True
False

25. After the invention of revolutionary farming methods, settlers left the Great Plains area.
True
False

26. In the 1840s the pride of the open seas were the
steam-powered ships.
clipper ships.
iron-hulled ships.
prairie schooners.

27. By 1860 the United States had almost 31,000
clipper ships.
miles of telegraph lines.
canals.
miles of railroad tracks.

28. Which invention filled the need for a method of communication that kept up with the industrial growth and fast-paced travel?
Morse code
telegraph
steam engine
railroads

29. What did John Deere invent in 1837?
the telegraph
the clipper ship
the steel-tipped plow
Morse code

30. An invention that ensured that raising wheat would remain the main economic activity in the Midwestern prairies was the
mechanical reaper.
mechanical horse.
thresher.
steel-tipped plow.

31. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

32. Team Scores
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5