1. “the particular pattern of orientation to political action in which each political system is embedded.” A “historical source of differences in habits, perspectives, and attitudes that influence political life in the various states.”

2.  (1) the set of perceptions of what politics is and what can be expected from government, held by both the general public and the politicians;  (2) the kinds of people who become active in government and politics, as holders of elective offices, members of the bureaucracy, and active political workers;  (3) the actual way in which the art of government is practiced…

3.  …the kind of civic behavior dictated by conscience and internalized ethical standards…the character of law-abidingness displayed by citizens and officials; and…the positive actions of government.

4.  Individualistic  Democratic order as marketplace  Government exists strictly for utilitarian reasons  Handle functions demanded by those it serves  Government has no concern with questions of “the good society”  Limited community intervention into private activities  Politics viewed as a business

5.  Moralistic  Commonwealth conception as basis for democratic government  Politics as search for the “good society” for the betterment of the commonwealth, government as positive instrument to promote general welfare  Politics seen as a public activity centered on the public good, devoted to advancement of public interest  Community involvement in private affairs when necessary for public good  High levels of political participation  Little corruption in government

6.  Traditionalistic  Ambivalent attitude toward marketplace  Paternalistic and elitist conception of commonwealth  Hierarchical society as natural order, those at the top take a special and dominant role in government  Government actively intervenes in community to preserve the existing social order  Real political power held by small, self-perpetuating group drawn from established elite (family/social position)  Those who don’t have a role to play aren’t expected to be even minimally active  Those active in politics benefit personally  Loose one-party systems if parties exist at all  Leaders play conservative and custodial roles

7.  Moralistic states: predominantly Midwest and New England  Moralistic/Individualistic: West and Midwest  Individualistic: Far West, Midwest, Mid- Atlantic  Individualistic/Moralistic: Far West, New England  Traditionalistic: South  Traditionalistic/Moralistic: Includes NC  Traditionalistic/Individualistic: South Central