1. Tankers’ transit route trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. Tankers’ transit route trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. M ARITIME O FFICE IN S ZCZECIN Presented by Joanna Rysiewicz

2. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. Baltic Sea By the Helcom and Marpol 73/78, the Baltic Sea Area is defined as: The Baltic Sea Proper, with: the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the entrance to the Baltic Sea bounded by Skaw in the Skagerrak at 57º44,8' North, it is almost totally enclosed by land, only connected to the North Sea by narrow and shallow straits around Denmark and Sweden. The Baltic Sea Proper, with: the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the entrance to the Baltic Sea bounded by Skaw in the Skagerrak at 57º44,8' North, it is almost totally enclosed by land, only connected to the North Sea by narrow and shallow straits around Denmark and Sweden.

3. Number of main ports by country in the Baltic Sea region: Sweden Sweden - 50 Finland - 60 Denmark - 60 Germany - 7 Poland - 3 Sweden Sweden - 50 Finland - 60 Denmark - 60 Germany - 7 Poland - 3 Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

4. Ports have a significant meaning which depend on number of calls. Calls by country and type of vessel in second half of 1998. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

5. Sweden Finland Danmark Sweden Finland Danmark As coastal states: Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. dominating traffic, accounting for 63 % of the all calls in Baltic Region. dominating traffic, accounting for 63 % of the all calls in Baltic Region.

6. Farther analysis shows: After general cargo vessels second dominanting type of vessel within Baltic sea region are oil tankers. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

7. Most important countries with oil tankers calls: Sweden 34 % Denmark 17 % Finland 13 % Sweden 34 % Denmark 17 % Finland 13 % Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. Oil transport accounted for 64% within the Baltic sea region Oil transport accounted for 64% within the Baltic sea region

8. Baltic Ports with more than 500 calls, between July and December 1998. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. Source: SAI/LVR Source: SAI/LVR

9. Since the beginning of the 1990 there is increase in maritime transport. It has been growing steadily, reflecting the intensified cooperation in the Baltic Sea region and a prospering economy. The trade and exchange of goods between eastern and western Europe are increasing tremendously. More than 500 milion tonnes of cargo are transported across the Baltic Sea each year. More then 50 passanger ferries ply routes between Baltic ports. It has been growing steadily, reflecting the intensified cooperation in the Baltic Sea region and a prospering economy. The trade and exchange of goods between eastern and western Europe are increasing tremendously. More than 500 milion tonnes of cargo are transported across the Baltic Sea each year. More then 50 passanger ferries ply routes between Baltic ports. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

10. Till 2010 the sea transport via the Baltic Sea is estimated to double! Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. more ship accidents; more probable marine pollution; growing emission of sulphure dioxide from ships; growing risk of accidents causing marine oil spill; more ship accidents; more probable marine pollution; growing emission of sulphure dioxide from ships; growing risk of accidents causing marine oil spill;

11. Accidents on Baltic Sea region. Main causes: groundings; collisions; They mostly occured near: port areas; narrow straits; Human element contributing to over 80 % marine incidents. Main causes: groundings; collisions; They mostly occured near: port areas; narrow straits; Human element contributing to over 80 % marine incidents. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

12. Accidents on Baltic Sea region statistics: Over a period 1989 - 1999 there were 251 accidents and every fifth resulting in en outflow of more than 100 tonnes of oil. The total number of ship accidents accured in 2000 and 2001 was 119. Total amount of oil polution in 2000-2001 is about 2 750 m 3 coused by ship accidents (during the „Baltic Carrier” and „Tern” accidents - 2 500 m 3 ). Over a period 1989 - 1999 there were 251 accidents and every fifth resulting in en outflow of more than 100 tonnes of oil. The total number of ship accidents accured in 2000 and 2001 was 119. Total amount of oil polution in 2000-2001 is about 2 750 m 3 coused by ship accidents (during the „Baltic Carrier” and „Tern” accidents - 2 500 m 3 ). Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

13. Oil transport till 2010 is estimated to double, compared to 1995 (if all existing plans to expand existing oil terminals and build new ones are carried out). Risk of grounding and collision with oil spill result is estimated to 1 per 2 500 journeys. Accidents durling harbour calls is estimated to 3.52 per year with 693 tons of oil spill. About 70% of marine oil spills occur in ports. Oil transport till 2010 is estimated to double, compared to 1995 (if all existing plans to expand existing oil terminals and build new ones are carried out). Risk of grounding and collision with oil spill result is estimated to 1 per 2 500 journeys. Accidents durling harbour calls is estimated to 3.52 per year with 693 tons of oil spill. About 70% of marine oil spills occur in ports. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. According to the scientists:

14. The Baltic Sea has high rank in terms of risk becouse of: a high frequency of ships movement; presents of particular navigation difficulties; restricted sea-room; shallow water depths; choke points for traffic; the lenght of time to undertake a passage through a particular hazard; departure from the planned track will quickly put the vessel into a hazardous situation; sensitive environment; a high frequency of ships movement; presents of particular navigation difficulties; restricted sea-room; shallow water depths; choke points for traffic; the lenght of time to undertake a passage through a particular hazard; departure from the planned track will quickly put the vessel into a hazardous situation; sensitive environment; Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

15. Risk reduction measures on Baltic Sea region: Pilotage VTS Towage Well-recogniced operating procedures Immediate responce measures Pilotage VTS Towage Well-recogniced operating procedures Immediate responce measures Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

16. Each measure, which can help to reduce the risk and probability of the accident should be analyzed ROUTE IS SEEN AS A POSITIVE MEAN TO REDUCE RISK ROUTE IS SEEN AS A POSITIVE MEAN TO REDUCE RISK Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

17. Let’s have a question: why ? provide deeper water; safety depths; more sea – room; well-ordered traffic; decreases navigational dificulty for mariners; separation small crafts and fishing vessels from merchant ships; higher standards of care for marine environment; provide deeper water; safety depths; more sea – room; well-ordered traffic; decreases navigational dificulty for mariners; separation small crafts and fishing vessels from merchant ships; higher standards of care for marine environment; Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

18. intensify the existing preventive measures; possibility to compare relative risk between different part of route; easier way to ensure and adequate emergency towage and salvage capacity; short time period to conduct the assistance response; easy identification the parts with highest risk (oil spill, navigation); intensify the existing preventive measures; possibility to compare relative risk between different part of route; easier way to ensure and adequate emergency towage and salvage capacity; short time period to conduct the assistance response; easy identification the parts with highest risk (oil spill, navigation); Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. Let’s have a question: why ?

19. Ideal risk reduction strategies are those implemented with minimum cost or effort One of the proposition could be the recomended way only displayed in the sea charts One of the proposition could be the recomended way only displayed in the sea charts Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.

20. Polish proposal. To establish a recommended deep-water route for oil tankers north from the Bornholm. Polish proposal. To establish a recommended deep-water route for oil tankers north from the Bornholm. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. More protection from sea & weather. Short distance to coastline – better possibility to check position. Short distance to coastline give chance to promt emergency towage or salvage capacity. A lot of main ports or ports of refuge in Sweden, Denmark and Finland coasts. More protection from sea & weather. Short distance to coastline – better possibility to check position. Short distance to coastline give chance to promt emergency towage or salvage capacity. A lot of main ports or ports of refuge in Sweden, Denmark and Finland coasts.

21. Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route. Polish proposal. To establish a recommended deep-water route for oil tankers north from the Bornholm. Polish proposal. To establish a recommended deep-water route for oil tankers north from the Bornholm. Shortest distance to and from entrance to Gulf of Finland. Avoided passing oil tankers syndrom. Less costs of surveys. By world standards the Swedish, Denmark & Finland coast generate sufficient marine traffic to produce serious congestion, the route will be one of the best measure to improve safety in this area. Shortest distance to and from entrance to Gulf of Finland. Avoided passing oil tankers syndrom. Less costs of surveys. By world standards the Swedish, Denmark & Finland coast generate sufficient marine traffic to produce serious congestion, the route will be one of the best measure to improve safety in this area.

22. FINI Tankers’ transit routes trough the end of Kadetrenden to the Swedish deep-water route.