1. Bell Ringer
If Jared makes $200 a week working on cars, but he spends $25 a week on uniforms, how much money will he accumulate in one year if he saves all of his money after uniforms?

2. Bell Ringer Answer $200 * 52 weeks = $10,400 $25 * 52 weeks = $1,300
$10,400 - $1,300 = $9,100
Jared would make $9,100 in wages for the year after he expensed his uniforms.

3. Weekly Agenda

4. Today’s Agenda Bell Ringer / Attendance – 5 minutes
Discuss Fibers and Fabrics – 15 minutes
Fibers and Fabrics Activity – 50 minutes

5. Learning Targets
Discuss the fiber properties that determine appropriate use and quality of fabrics.
Identify the main manufactured fibers.
Explain the importance of fabric in fashion.

6. Key Terms Fabrics Fibers Yarns Natural Fibers Filament
Manufactured Fibers
Denier

7. Fabrics and Fibers
Fabrics  long pieces of cloth.

8. Characteristics of Fibers
The basic building blocks for all fabrics are fibers.
Fibers  thin, hairlike strands that are the basic units used to make fabrics and textile products.
Different fibers have specific properties that affect the characteristics of fabric, such as:
Appearance
Strength
Absorbency
Warmth
Shrinkage
Price

9. Types of Fibers and Yarns
Fibers are spun into yard, and the yarn in used to make fabric.
Yarn  uninterrupted threads of textile fibers that are ready to be turned into fabrics.
The different fibers can all be categorized as either natural or manufactured fibers.
NATURAL  plant or animal fibers
MANUFACTURED  synthetic or cellulosic fibers
Synthetic  composed of chemical compounds derived from petroleum or natural gas.
Cellulosic  made from plants combined with chemicals

10. Natural Fibers
Natural fibers are a main product in the fashion industry.
Natural Fibers  textile fibers made from plans or animals.
Cellulosic Fibers – derived from the cell walls of certain plants. (Cotton and Linen)
Protein Fibers – derived from animals and insects. (Wool and Silk)

11. Characteristics of Natural Fibers
Natural fibers are usually more absorbent and cause a garment to be more comfortable or cooler to wear.
Natural fibers tend to wrinkle more and shrink when washed.

12. Cotton Most important textile fiber used by the fashion industry.
It comes from the bolls, or seed pods, of cotton plants.
The United States is one of the major producers.
Grows primarily in warm climates.

13. Cotton Advantages Disadvantages Comfortable Absorbent
Good color retention
Dyes and prints well
Washable
Strong
Drapes well
Easy to handle and sew
Inexpensive
Shrinks to hot water
Wrinkles easily
Weakened by perspiration and sun
Burns easily
Affected by mildew

14. Cotton – End Uses
Cotton is made into a wide range of wearing apparel such as blouses, shirts, dresses, children’s wear, skirts, pants, socks, underwear, and outerwear.
Also used from home furnishings, such as curtains, draperies, bedspreads, comforters, throws, sheets, towels, tablecloths, table mats, and napkins.

15. Assignment:
Using your note-taking guide and the internet, research information on Natural and Manufactured Fibers.
You will need to describe each fiber and then list several advantages and disadvantages of each fiber.

16. Linen (Flax)
Made from fibers found inside the woody stem of a flax plant – a grass that has the appearance of a tall, slender reed.
Oldest-known cellulosic fiber and dates back to the Stone Age.

17. Linen (Flax) Advantages Disadvantages Wrinkles easily Can be expensive
Strong
Comfortable
Hand-washable or dry-cleanable
Absorbent
Dyes and prints well
Resists dirt and stains
Durable
Withstands high heat
Lint-free
Wrinkles easily
Can be expensive
Shrinks
Burns easily
Affected by mildew and perspiration
Ravels
Difficult to remove creases
Shines if ironed

18. Linen (Flax) – End Uses
Used for apparel such as dresses, suits, skirts, jackets, blouses, shirts, and handkerchiefs.
Used to manufacture home furnishing, such as upholstery, draperies, table linens, sheets, and dish towels.

19. Wool Comes from sheared or shaved hair of sheep or lambs.
Most commonly used animal fiber.
Australia is the main producer, with the United States as one of the major users.
In order to cut the cost of wool, recycled wool is used.
Products must be labeled as either virgin (new wool) or recycled (reclaimed wool).
Wool can also be used to describe camel, alpaca, llama, or vicuna.

20. Wool Advantages Disadvantages Affected by moths
Warm
Lightweight
Wrinkle-resistant
Absorbent
Dyes well
Comfortable
Durable
Creases well
Easy to tailor
Recyclable
Affected by moths
Shrinks with heat and moisture
Needs special care, dry cleaning
Absorbs odors
Scratchy on skin
Weakens when wet
Harmed by bleach, perspiration.

21. Wood – End Uses
Make apparel such as sweaters, coats, suits, jackets, pants, skirts, socks, and scarves.
Used for home furnishings such as carpets, draperies, upholstery, and blankets.

22. Silk
Silkworms spin cocoons, which are protective silk envelopes wrapped around the silkworm in its early stage of growth.
Cocoons are used to make silk fiber, the only natural-filament fiber.
Filament  a very long, fine, continuous thread.
A silk cocoon can produce 600 to 2000 meters of continuous fiber.
It can take as many as 500 cocoons to create the fabric to make one blouse.

23. Silk Advantages Disadvantages Soft Drapes well Dyes and prints well
Very strong
Lightweight
Resists soil, mildew, and moths
Comfortable
Absorbent
Expensive
Needs special care, dry cleaning
Stains with water
Yellows with age
Weakened by perspiration, sun, and soap
Attacked by insects, silverfish.

24. Silk – End Uses
Apparel made from silk includes evening gowns, wedding gowns, lingerie, blouses, scarves, dresses, neckties, and suits for men and women.
Also used to make curtains, draperies, and decorative pillows.

25. Leather / Suede
Leather  a touch flexible material, made by preserving animal hides, or skins, through a process called tanning.
Primary source for leather is cattle. Other sources, include sheep, goat, pig, and reptile.
Suede  leather that has a rough or ‘nappy’ finish. Surface is processed.
Some leather producers are now blending synthetic fibers (Lycra) with leather to enhance its appearance and performance.

26. Leather / Suede Advantages Disadvantages Durable Strong Flexible
Comfortable
Warm
Scarce
Expensive

27. Leather / Suede – End Uses
Apparel includes coats, jackets, shoes, handbags, gloves, hats, and belts.
Home furnishings include upholstery and decorative pillows.

28. Fur Fur is the soft, hairy coat of an animal.
A number of consumer groups advocate discontinuing the use of fur products, which have resulted in the production of faux, or imitation, fur.

29. Fur Advantages Disadvantages Durable Soft Flexible Warm Scarce
Expensive

30. Fur – End Uses
Fur is used to make apparel such as coats, jackets, hats, belts, and coats.
Fur is also used for bed throws, rugs, or stuffed animals.

31. Manufactured Fibers
Manufactured Fibers  fibers created by a manufacturing process of any substance that is not a fiber.
Cellulosic -> from the regenerated fibrous substance in plants.
Noncellulosic -> from petrochemical products.
Fibers generally cost less and tend to be stronger and more durable.

32. Rayon The original manufactured fiber.
First manufactured in 1894, commercial production began in 1910 by the American Viscose Company.
Rayon is composed of regenerated cellulose, which is derived from wood pulp, cotton linters, or other vegetable matter.

33. Rayon Advantages Disadvantages Soft and comfortable Drapes well
Durable
Highly absorbent
Dyes and prints well
No static of pilling problems
Inexpensive
Colorfast
May be washable
Wrinkles easily unless treated
Low resiliency
Heat sensitive
Susceptible to mildew
Stretches
Weakens when wet
Fabric shrinks if washed
May need dry cleaning.

34. Rayon – End Uses
Used to make apparel such as blouses, dresses, jackets, lingerie, linings, slacks, sport shirts, sportswear, suits, and neckties.
Home furnishings made with rayon include bedspreads, blankets, curtains, draperies, sheets, slipcovers, tablecloths, and upholstery.

35. Acetate First produced in 1924 by Celanese Corporation.
A cellulosic fiber made from wood pulp or cotton linters.
Used by designers for its luxurious feel and draping qualities.

36. Acetate Advantages Disadvantages Luxurious appearance
Crisp (texture) soft hand
Wide range of colors; dyes and prints well
Drapes well
Resists shrinkage, moths, and mildews,
Low moisture absorbency, relatively fast drying
No pilling, little static
Requires dry cleaning
Weak
Heat sensitive
Poor abrasion resistance
Dissolved by nail polish remover.

37. Acetate – End Uses
Apparel made with acetate includes blouses, dresses, linings, lingerie, scarves, and shirts.
Home furnishings include draperies, upholstery, curtains, and bedspreads.

38. Nylon
Nylon was invented in 1938 and created a revolution in the fiber industry and open the door to production of more modern materials.
Nylon was the first synthetic fiber.
Made completely from petrochemicals in an experimental laboratory.

39. Nylon Advantages Disadvantages Lightweight Exceptional strength
Abrasion resistant
Easy to wash
Resists shrinkage and wrinkles
Resilient, pleat retentive
Static and pilling
Poor resistance to sunlight
Low absorbency
Picks up oils and dyes in wash
Heat sensitive

40. Nylon
Used to make swimwear, intimate apparel, foundation garments, hosiery, blouses, dresses, sportswear, pants, jackets, skirts, raincoats, ski and snow apparel.
Also used for carpets, rugs, curtains, draperies, bedspreads, luggage, backpacks, vests, umbrellas, sleeping bags, and tents.

41. Acrylic First manufactured in the United States in 1950.
Acrylic was used from blankets and sweaters because it resembles wool.

42. Acrylic Advantages Disadvantages Low absorbency Develops static
Lightweight, soft, warm, wool-like hand
Dyes to bright colors
Machine washable, quick drying
Resilient, retains shape, resists shrinkage and wrinkles
Wool-like, cotton-like, or blended appearance
Excellent pleat retention
Resists moths, oil, chemicals
Low absorbency
Develops static
Pilling
Heat sensitive
Weak
Dissolved by nail polish remover

43. Acrylic – End Uses
Acrylic is used for sweaters, socks, fleece, sportswear, lingerie, scarves, and neckties.
Acrylic is also used for blankets, throws, awnings, outdoor furniture, and rugs.

44. Polyester Synthetic fiber developed in the 1950’s.
The most widely sold synthetic fiber in the world.

45. Polyester Advantages Disadvantages Holds oily stains
Strong
Crisp, but soft hand
Resists stretching and shrinkage
Washable or dry-cleanable
Quick drying
Resists wrinkles
Resistant to most chemicals
Colorfast
Durable
Dyes well
Holds oily stains
Difficult to remove stains
Static and pilling problems

46. Polyester – End Uses
Used to make permanent-press fabrics, fiber-fill insulation, and apparel such as dresses, blouses, jackets, suits, shirts, pants, rainwear, lingerie, and children’s wear.
Polyester is also used to make craft and gift-wrapping ribbons because of its strength and ability to prevent fraying.
When mixed with recycled plastic bottoms, polyester can product fleece.

47. Spandex
Developed in 1959, when chemists were trying to create a rubber like substance.
Spandex can stretch over 500% without breaking.

48. Spandex Advantages Disadvantages Lightweight Retains original shape
Abrasion resistant
Stronger than rubber
Soft, smooth supple
No static
Whites yellow with age
Heat sensitive
Harmed by bleached
Nonabsorbent

49. Spandex – End Uses
Spandex is used for bathing suits, foundation garments, ski pants, slacks, hosiery, socks, belts, exercise and dance wear.

50. Microfibers One of the new trends in fashion. Developed in 1989.
Made from extra-fine fibers and provide a superior hand, a gentle drape, and incredible softness.
2x’s finer than silk, 3x’s finer than cotton, 8x’s finer than wool, and 100x’s finer than human hair.
Have a quality and appearance of expensive silk.

51. Microfibers Advantages Disadvantages Extremely drapeable
Very soft, luxurious hand
Washable or dry cleanable
Shrink-resistant
Strong
Insulates against wind, rain, and cold
Heat Sensitive

52. Microfibers – End Use
Microfiber is used to make hosiery, blouses, dresses, sportswear, ties, scarves, menswear, intimate apparel, active wear, outerwear, and rainwear.
Microfiber is also used for curtains, draperies, upholstery, sheets, towels, and blankets.