1. Indian Resistance

2. 1)What was Charles Eastman’s position at the reservation? 2)Why did Captain Sword fear « trouble » on the reservation?

3. www.ndstudies.org

4. Red Cloud (1822-1909) Portrait by D.F. Barry, 1892. National Museum of the American Indian. Crazy Horse (c.1840-1877)

5. Spotted Tail (1823-1881) Photo by D.F. Barry, c. 1880. Library of Congress.

6. Second Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) www.republicoflakotah.com

7. Black Hills gold rush 1874: – army accompanies geologists to confirm gold 1875: – Lakota refuse to sell land to US government – Army stops guarding the territory – Army orders Indians to relocate near agencies 1876: – 10,000-15,000 natives gather to defend the hills

8. Battle of the Little Big Horn Sitting Bull = ‘Custer’s Last Stand’ (June 1876)

9. 1877 cession of the Black Hills Red Cloud Agency (Oglala Lakota) Spotted Tail Agency (Brulé Lakota)

10. Alternating policies Civilization Removal Reservations Allotment – > The Dawes Act (1887)

11. The Dawes Act (1887) Reservation land allotted to individual families Unclaimed land sold to non-Indians – > from 155 million acres of reservation land in 1881 to 52 million acres in 1933 Example of the Crows: 3,000 members x 200 acres = 600,000 acres / 5 million total (12% of total land)

12. Indian Territory -> Oklahoma 1890-1893: 150,000 new settlers claim ‘unassigned’ tribal lands 1897-1902: Five Civilized Tribes allot their tribal lands 1907: Indian Territory becomes the State of Oklahoma

13. Breaking up the Sioux Reservation (1888-89) Land commission meeting at Standing Rock (ndstudies.org)

14. Ghost Dance Wovoka (Paiute) Dancers at Pine Ridge Reservation c. 1890 KICKING BEAR

15. Wounded Knee Massacre Dec. 29, 1890 Battlefield photographed by George Trager