1. Giving Effective Presentations Dr. Lisa G. Bullard CHE 395

2. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations Knowing your audience Knowing your audience Format options Format options Delivery and tone Delivery and tone Visuals Visuals Handouts Handouts Handling Q&A Handling Q&A Conclusions Conclusions

3. Overcoming the Fear Factor 5. Snakes 4. Spiders 3. Heights 2. Death 1. Public speaking

4. Overcoming the Fear Factor What are we afraid of?

5. Overcoming the Fear Factor How do we overcome that fear?

6. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations

7. Types of Presentations Low stakes vs. high stakes Low stakes vs. high stakes Short vs. long Short vs. long Informal vs. formal Informal vs. formal

8. Purpose of Presentations To inform To inform To persuade To persuade To build good will To build good will

9. Informative Presentations Reporting Reporting Bringing the audience up to date Bringing the audience up to date Status report Status report Explaining Explaining Providing information Providing information Products Products Procedures Procedures Rules Rules Operations data Operations data

10. Persuasive Presentations You want to convince the audience to… You want to convince the audience to… Buy your product or service Buy your product or service Support your goals or concepts Support your goals or concepts Change their minds or attitudes Change their minds or attitudes

11. Good Will Presentations To build respect for a person, an organization, or a product To build respect for a person, an organization, or a product Awards ceremony Awards ceremony Special recognition Special recognition Celebrations Celebrations Toasts Toasts

12. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations Knowing your audience Knowing your audience

13. Knowing Your Audience You must know You must know Who they are Who they are Why they are there Why they are there What they expect to get What they expect to get How they will react How they will react

14. Strategies for Defining Your Audience What is the size of the group? What is the size of the group? What is the age distribution? What is the age distribution? Is the audience mostly men, mostly women, or mixed? Is the audience mostly men, mostly women, or mixed? How do audience members rank within their organization? How do audience members rank within their organization?

15. Strategies for Defining Your Audience Why are people attending? Why are people attending? How familiar are they with the topic? How familiar are they with the topic? What is the level of education? What is the level of education? What kind of reaction can you expect? What kind of reaction can you expect?

16. Believe it or not… Audiences want and expect presenters to succeed Audiences want and expect presenters to succeed But they are also thinking, “What’s in it for me?” But they are also thinking, “What’s in it for me?”

17. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations Knowing your audience Knowing your audience Format options Format options

18. Questions To Ask Yourself What does my audience expect to gain? What does my audience expect to gain? What do they already know? What do they already know? What is the purpose of this presentation (persuade, inform, entertain, or a combination?) What is the purpose of this presentation (persuade, inform, entertain, or a combination?) What are my key points? What are my key points? What one thing do I want them to remember most? What one thing do I want them to remember most?

19. “A speech has two parts. You must state your case, and you must prove it.” - Aristotle This doesn’t mean repeat yourself three times. 1. Tell your audience what you’re going to tell them tell them 2. Tell them 3. Then tell them what you told them

20. Opening Greeting Greeting Short list of facts or figures Short list of facts or figures Question Question Appropriate quote Appropriate quote Shocking statistics Shocking statistics Humor Humor Personal anecdote Personal anecdote Challenge or call to action Challenge or call to action

21. Body Discuss the theoretical background behind an experiment, review the experimental design, and discuss the results of the experiment. Discuss the theoretical background behind an experiment, review the experimental design, and discuss the results of the experiment. Describe the components of the chemical process from raw materials to products Describe the components of the chemical process from raw materials to products Chronological progression Chronological progression

22. Body Explain the symptoms of a problem. Go through possible solutions. Show how they don’t work. Then give a solution that will work. Explain the symptoms of a problem. Go through possible solutions. Show how they don’t work. Then give a solution that will work. List all the pros of an idea, plan, or product. Then go through the cons, showing how they are outweighed by the pros. List all the pros of an idea, plan, or product. Then go through the cons, showing how they are outweighed by the pros. Organize your presentation around three aspects of the subject. Organize your presentation around three aspects of the subject.

23. Conclusion Summarize the message Summarize the message Repeat your key points Repeat your key points Ask for an action Ask for an action Make a recommendation Make a recommendation

24. Conclusion Recreate the verbal imagery you used in the opening, but with the addition of the solution Recreate the verbal imagery you used in the opening, but with the addition of the solution If you began with an anecdote, end with another, but with a play on words or some memorable twist If you began with an anecdote, end with another, but with a play on words or some memorable twist End on a positive note, even when the message is a difficult one End on a positive note, even when the message is a difficult one

25. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations Knowing your audience Knowing your audience Format options Format options Delivery and tone Delivery and tone

26. Why Involve the Audience? To use up stored energy for people who have been sitting too long To use up stored energy for people who have been sitting too long To wake people up To wake people up To help the audience members master a task To help the audience members master a task To give the audience members hands-on experience with your product To give the audience members hands-on experience with your product

27. Delivery Details Reading your speech vs. using notecards or an outline Reading your speech vs. using notecards or an outline Keep your notes in a folder Keep your notes in a folder Type your notes, if needed, with triple spacing in a clear font Type your notes, if needed, with triple spacing in a clear font Use appropriate gestures Use appropriate gestures

28. Delivery Details Keep your notes in a folder Keep your notes in a folder Type your notes, if needed, with triple spacing in a clear font Type your notes, if needed, with triple spacing in a clear font Stand tall Stand tall Smile naturally Smile naturally

29. Delivery Details Pause before beginning, and breathe between sentences! Pause before beginning, and breathe between sentences! Establish eye contact Establish eye contact No hands in pockets or change jingling No hands in pockets or change jingling Don’t sway Don’t sway Avoid speech mannerisms (um, uh, like) Avoid speech mannerisms (um, uh, like)

30. Delivery Details Enunciate Enunciate Speak at a slower pace than feels natural Speak at a slower pace than feels natural Stand to the side of the screen Stand to the side of the screen Avoid reading the slides Avoid reading the slides Target 30-45 seconds per slide, average Target 30-45 seconds per slide, average

31. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations Knowing your audience Knowing your audience Format options Format options Delivery and tone Delivery and tone Visuals Visuals

32. Visuals are important when… The message is abstract or complex The message is abstract or complex The key message is visual in nature The key message is visual in nature You want to add emphasis to a key point You want to add emphasis to a key point The presentation is a how-to session involving several steps The presentation is a how-to session involving several steps The presentation includes numbers or calculations The presentation includes numbers or calculations

33. Visuals include… Photographs Photographs Graphs or plots Graphs or plots Symbols Symbols Colors Colors Tables Tables Video clips Maps Diagrams Cartoons Props

34. Tips for Visuals Use if you can, but don’t force it Use if you can, but don’t force it Don’t make the slide too busy Don’t make the slide too busy Try to limit to 5 lines of type per page Try to limit to 5 lines of type per page Dark backgrounds are more readable Dark backgrounds are more readable Use Arial or Helvetica fonts Use Arial or Helvetica fonts

35. Tips for Visuals Make font large enough (this is 28 pt) Make font large enough (this is 28 pt) Don’t get too many colors on one slide, or change colors too often Don’t get too many colors on one slide, or change colors too often Watch red and green together (color blind) Watch red and green together (color blind) Avoid annoying animation (or sounds) Avoid annoying animation (or sounds)

36. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations Knowing your audience Knowing your audience Format options Format options Delivery and tone Delivery and tone Visuals Visuals Handouts Handouts

37. Handouts Clarify your message Clarify your message Make the message easier to understand Make the message easier to understand Reinforce key points Reinforce key points Mechanism for taking notes Mechanism for taking notes Take home information Take home information

38. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations Knowing your audience Knowing your audience Format options Format options Delivery and tone Delivery and tone Visuals Visuals Handouts Handouts Handling Q&A Handling Q&A

39. Asking Q Types of questions Types of questions Clarification Clarification Fact checking Fact checking Correction Correction Application or extension Application or extension Affirming Affirming Softball Softball Attack Attack Left field Left field

40. Giving A Be prepared by anticipating questions Be prepared by anticipating questions Be familiar with the whole talk (not just your part) Be familiar with the whole talk (not just your part) Thank them for the question (beginning or end), or reinforce the questioner Thank them for the question (beginning or end), or reinforce the questioner Restate and confirm the question Restate and confirm the question

41. Giving A Give short, direct answers…don’t wander Give short, direct answers…don’t wander Don’t pass the buck, but after giving your best answer, you might refer them to another team member Don’t pass the buck, but after giving your best answer, you might refer them to another team member If you don’t know, say so…don’t bluff If you don’t know, say so…don’t bluff Ask them if you have answered their question Ask them if you have answered their question

42. Outline Overcoming the fear factor Overcoming the fear factor Types of presentations Types of presentations Knowing your audience Knowing your audience Format options Format options Delivery and tone Delivery and tone Visuals Visuals Handouts Handouts Handling Q&A Handling Q&A Conclusions Conclusions

43. Assignment 6 reminders 10 minute presentation 10 minute presentation 5 minutes Q&A 5 minutes Q&A Professional dress (interview level) Professional dress (interview level)

44. Conclusions Poor delivery cannot compensate for lack of content, but it can damage or bury good content. Poor delivery cannot compensate for lack of content, but it can damage or bury good content. Some people are “natural” speakers, but everyone is capable of learning and enhancing their own skills. Some people are “natural” speakers, but everyone is capable of learning and enhancing their own skills. To improve, you can: To improve, you can: Seek opportunities to practice Seek opportunities to practice Seek and incorporate feedback Seek and incorporate feedback Seek out good examples and learn from them Seek out good examples and learn from them

45. References Daria Price Bowman, Presentations: Proven Techniques for Creating Presentations That Get Results (1998). Daria Price Bowman, Presentations: Proven Techniques for Creating Presentations That Get Results (1998).