2. A Quick Word: There is some controversy regarding the stages of a tragic hero. They are not well- defined. The stages that we discuss here are based on two theories: that of Northrop Frye and A.C. Bradley. Please note that other teachers / professors may discuss other variations of the stages.

3. The Stages of a Tragic Hero  Exposition  Conflict  Reversal, a.k.a. Crisis  Catastrophe  Catharsis, a.k.a. Recognition

4. Exposition The hero is set up as someone extraordinary (noble or of high stature), and the situation from which the conflict arises is explained.

5. Conflict The character makes a mistake that causes him or her to “fall,” usually by taking on more than he or she can handle. The character’s tragic flaw is revealed.

6. Reversal, a.k.a. Crisis The hero’s actions cause the opposite of what he or she intended. The plan of the tragic hero is falling apart, and the character realizes that his or her fate will be the opposite of what he or she hoped.

7. Catastrophe The tragic ending of the conflict

8. Catharsis, a.k.a. Recognition At the end of the play, the audience learns a lesson as the characters remember the tragic hero’s fall from grace. (The strong emotional experiences that the audience have gone through in a play result in a sense of cleansing.)

9. In your groups: Identify the stages of the tragic hero for Macbeth.  Exposition Macbeth is set up as a war hero.  Conflict Macbeth and Lady Macbeth plot to kill Duncan, and eventually do. They must hide their actions.  Reversal (Crisis) After Macbeth has killed Banquo, he sees Banquo’s ghost at the banquet. Things go downhill from here. His thanes begin to doubt and leave him.  Catastrophe Macbeth battles Macduff and is defeated.  Catharsis (Recognition) Malcolm’s speech and the other events after Macbeth’s death. We learn that Malcolm will be a good leader for Scotland.

10. Could Lady Macbeth be a tragic hero? Why or why not? (Justify using the stages of a tragic hero.)