1. Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration, c. 1750 to c. 1900

2. Industrial Revolution
First inventions (steam engine, textiles)
Movement of people to cities
Small scale machines; more goods made with machines
1800’s
Industrialization spreads to US
Factories
Rapid urbanization; population growth
Rise of slavery
Growth of middle class
Developments in transportation and communication
Organization of workers

7. 1900’s Reform movements Decline of child labor Limits on big business
Industrialization spreads to Japan, Russia

8. I. Factors leading to the rise of Industrialism
• Europe’s location on the Atlantic Ocean • The geographical distribution of coal, iron and timber • European demographic changes • Urbanization • Improved agricultural productivity • Legal protection of private property • An abundance of rivers and canals • Access to foreign resources • The accumulation of capital

9. II. Industrialization Developments Machines
Use of coal and oil as fuel
Factory system
Expansion of financial systems
Major developments in transportation and communication
Railroads
Steamships
Telegraphs
Canals

10. III. Long Term Industrialization
Capitalism
Formation of labor unions
Reform movements
Spread to other areas in the world
Changes in society
Demographic changes
Family changes

11. Political Revolutions
American Revolution
Mid-1700’s British colonies were economically prosperous
A series of wars and taxes caused boycotts and protests in the colonies
“No taxation without representation”- influenced by Enlightenment ideas
1776 Declaration of Independence
Author Thomas Jefferson
Influenced by John Locke
Consent of the governed and individual freedom

12. Effects Introduced modern democracy Encouraged other revolutions
US Constitution
US Bill of Rights
Declaration of Independence
Encouraged other revolutions
French
Haiti
Latin America
Vietnam

13. B. French Revolution Inspired by the American Revolution
More radical in scope, and ideals
Goal: Replace “old order” and absolute monarch with new cultural, social and political structures
Immediate causes: Financial crisis, inequalities between social classes (estates)

14. Many “paper victories”
Events
Many “paper victories”
Declaration of the Rights of Man (equality of all men)
Abolished privileges of 1st and 2nd estates
Limited constitutional monarchy
Reign of Terror-use of Guillotine to kill traitors, royal family

16. Reign of Napoleon Brought war to Europe Effects of Napoleon
Unseated monarchs in Spain and Portugal
Led to uprisings in their Latin American colonies
Congress of Vienna/Concert of Europe
Alliance of European monarchs
Kept peace for 100 years
United front against uprisings inspired by Enlightenment

17. Changes-1750’s-1800’s Social and economic Political
Creation of a middle class
Education
Feminist movements
Capitalism
Alternatives to capitalism-Karl Marx and socialism
Growth of cities
Political
Creation of US
US Constitution
Upheavals in Europe
Unifications of Germany and Italy

18. Key Concept 5.2 Imperialism and nation state formation
Quest for overseas empires
Partially a result of the Industrial Revolution
Improvements in transportation and use of machines caused increased demands for raw materials
Reasons
Economic benefits
Show of power and wealth
Gaining raw materials (rubber, cotton, tin) to be sent back to factories

21. Colonialism Sending colonists to new lands
Dominating the social, political, economic and social structure
North and South America: settler colonies established by Europe
Economic Colonies: India and southeast Asia (much smaller amounts of colonists) Instead, businessmen and government officials developed polices to benefit the mother country

22. Creation of transoceanic empires and colonies
British Empire
Britain in India
Belgium in Congo
British Empire Africa, Australia
South America

23. Societies at Crossroads
A. Ottoman Empire
Territory declined in the 17th and 18th centuries
Nationalist movements in Greece and Serbia (1840)
Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt after reign of Napoleon (began process of Industrialization, cotton as an export)
Increase in European trade in the Mediterranean world caused Ottoman trade to decline
1882- Grew dependent on European loans
1900 Difficulty controlling government; forced to decrease wages for government officials while raising taxes on the peasants
Reforms:
Mahmud II
Tanzimat Reforms
Sultan Hamid II
Young Turks

24. B. Qing China

25. Peasants were the bulk of the population-most were serfs
C. Russia
Russian tsars ruled as autocrats (absolute monarchs); supported by the church and nobility (who were exempt from taxes and military service)
Peasants were the bulk of the population-most were serfs
1861 Alexander II: abolished serfdom. Serfs were given no political rights and were taxed on the land
Economic reform to modernize military
Attempts at industrialization brought factories but poor working conditions

27. 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution and Reform
Growing Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements
Boxer Rebellion
Taiping Rebellion
Self-Strengthing Movement
500, 000 slaves
Brutal conditions, more economical to work slaves to death and bring in new ones rather that create a decent life style k french settlers, 40 k free people of color
Influenced by American Revolution
1801 had control of most of island.

28. Nationalism, Revolution and Reform
Colonial Resistance to Imperialism
Taiping Rebellion
Ghost Dance
Xhosa Cattle Kiling

29. Revolution and Reform Revolution in Haiti
1790; slave plantation
Latin American Independence Movements
Simon Bolivar
Defeated Spanish forces in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador then Peru

30. Global Migration
Middle of 18th Century, population of Europe increased dramatically
End of epidemic diseases
Improved diets
Decline in infant mortality
Higher birth rate
Migration pattern- West
Migration from country to city (industrialism)
Middle class away from city to emerging suburbs

31. Non-Western World
Latin American population doubled in the 19th century
Japan-improvements in nutrition and medical care
China, Japan and Latin America-strain on natural resources
Environmental concerns: pollution, industrial waste

32. Patterns of migration and immigration
Settler colonies- brought Europeans and indigenous peoples in America’s, Africa, Pacific, SE Asia
Maoris of New Zealand and native Hawaiians lost over half of their population to diseases
Decrease in population led to a need for workers, caused migration from China and Japan to Hawaii

33. From To
REASON
Portugal, Italy
Brazil, Argentina
Need for agricultural labor, coffee plantations in Brazil
Some Italians were seasonal
Russian Jews
Latin America
Escaping religious persecution in Russia
Eastern Europe, Italy)
And Ireland US
Looking for industrial jobs, better life