1. Learning Targets I can: Define the key terms of precedent and cabinet
Identify 2 key precedents Washington Established
Compare and Contrast Washington’s position as President vs. Monarchs and Dictators.
Create a chart of the Key advisors that served in Washington’s cabinet and their roles.

2. Pre-assessment 1.Define A. Precedent B. Cabinet
2. Name two traditions established by Washington during his presidency.

3. 3. List two differences between a president and a Monarch/Dictator.
4. Identify the roles of advisors to the President Washington.

4. Chapter 9 Notes: Launching a New Republic
GW, you’re my hero!
It’s About Time!

5. Washington Takes Office
Inaugurated (sworn in) on April 30th, 1789
At Federal Hall in NYC
Washington D.C. is not the capital yet
Capital=city Capitol=building

6. Washington Takes Office
Washington’s presidency would set a precedent- an example that would become standard practice
Once president, Washington goes right to work forming the new American government exactly the way he wants

7. Federal Judiciary Act Establishes the Supreme Court
John Jay named 1st Chief Justice

8. Setting Up the Courts Congress passes the Federal Judiciary Act (1789)
Gives Supreme Court six members
1 Chief Justice or Judge
5 Associate Judges
The number of Judges later grows to nine
Act also provides for lower federal courts
John Jay is named Chief Justice

9. Created a Cabinet
Secretary of War
Henry Knox
Nation’s Defenses

10. Created a Cabinet Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson
Relationships with other countries

11. Created a Cabinet Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton
Manage the Government’s Money

12. Created a Cabinet Attorney General Edmund Randolph Legal Matters
I LOVE the Virginiaplan!

13. Economic Problems National Debt= $52 million Left over from Rev. War
Costs of setting up new government
If new nation doesn’t pay its debts, it will lose credibility in the world

14. Hamilton’s Financial Plan (Also Known As: How To Get Out Of Debt!)
1. Pay off all war debts as soon as possible
2. Raise government revenue WITHOUT raising taxes
3. Create a national bank to oversee money and policy

15. Hamilton’s Plan Provoked Mixed Reactions:
1. Southern states had already paid off their share of the Rev. War debt and did NOT want to have to pay again! 2. Tariffs- taxes on foreign goods imported into America- idea was to raise $ for government and promote American industry

16. Hamilton’s Plan Provoked Mixed Reactions:
3. National Bank-
Safe place for government’s $$
Loans to businesses and states
Would print/coin first National currency

17. Hamilton’s Plan Greatly Strengthened the Federal Government’s Power!
This worried Thomas Jefferson and James Madison!
We are getting stronger!

18. Did the Constitution Allow For A National Bank???
It does not say anything specific about allowing a National Bank….
BUT: It doesn’t really say it isn’t OK either!

19. Washington Retires- 2 Statements:
Avoid party politics at all costs!
-only leads to fighting
2) Foreign policy- stay neutral and out of other countries business

20. Post-assessment 1.Define A. Precedent B. Cabinet
2. Name two traditions established by Washington during his presidency.

21. 3. List two differences between a president and a Monarch/Dictator.
4. Identify the roles of advisors to the President Washington.

22. The French Revolution The French Revolution, which began in 1789,
Initially supported by the U.S.,
French declared war on Great Britain
revolution became excessively brutal
U.S. claimed neutrality on the issue.

24. Jay’s Treaty
Under Jay’s Treaty Britain abandoned the Ohio River Valley
Britain paid reparations for American ships captured during its war with France.

25. Pinckney’s Treaty
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain opened up the port of New Orleans and travel along the Mississippi River to Americans.

26. Thomas Pinckney

27. Section 3: The Federalists in Charge
Washington’s cabinet members argued over a number of issues: 1)How to interpret the Constitution? -loose vs. strict 2)Hamilton’s creation of a National Bank -necessary or too much power? 3)Who to side with in the war between Britain and France? -ally or trading partner? 4)What kind of a nation would the U.S. be? -world power, leader or mind own business?

28. Loose Construction of the Constitution:
Anything not specifically prohibited is OK!
Necessary and Proper Clause
Strict Construction of the Constitution:
Government can only do exactly what the Constitution says and no more!

29. The Formation of Political Parties
A political party tries to influence government policy by promoting its ideas
Have a lot of power in American government despite not being mentioned in the Constitution
Began separating over the issue of strict vs. loose interpretation of the Constitution
Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans

30. Election of 1796 John Adams elected president
Thomas Jefferson, his rival and runner-up in the election is vice-president
U.S. Capital moves to Washington D.C.

31. XYZ Affair Alliance with France breaks down
Adams sends representatives to try and talk to France
Three French agents “X,Y, and Z” say that they will talk but only if the U.S. gives France $10 million and a $250,000 bribe to the French minister of foreign affairs
Leads to the end of the U.S./French alliance

32. Alien and Sedition Acts
Many people thought John Adams was becoming too powerful
Federalist Congress passes laws:
Increased waiting period to become a citizen
President could arrest “disloyal” aliens
Sedition (saying anything false or harmful about the government) is outlawed
Did this take away freedom of speech???
I HATE Federalists!

33. States Rights
Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson and Madison fought back
States’ rights theory says that a state could nullify (cancel out) any federal law they felt violated the Constitution within their state
Challenged the authority of the National government and led to Jefferson’s election

34. Democratic - Republicans
Objective: To analyze the differences between the first political parties.
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Federalists
Democratic - Republicans

35. Hamilton and Jefferson: Differing Views
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Favored farmers and rural communities
Favored trade, manufacturing and cities
Believed that the federal government should have more power than the states
Believed that states should have more power than the federal government (state’s rights)
Believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution
Believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution
was pro-British
was pro-French

36. First Political Parties Democratic Republicans
Federalists
Democratic Republicans
led by Alexander Hamilton
led by Thomas Jefferson
strong central government led by industry and the wealthy
strong state governments led by the “common man”
emphasis on agriculture
“Cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens.” – Thomas Jefferson
emphasis on manufacturing, shipping, and trade
loose interpretation of the Constitution
strict interpretation of the Constitution
favored the national bank
opposed the national bank
favored protective tariffs
opposed protective tariffs
pro-British
pro-French