1. Unit 1 Vocabulary terms monarchy (absolute & limited) democracy (direct &indirect) republicconstitution

2. Unit 1 Vocabulary terms amendment Due Process (of law) Divine Right of Kings natural rights

3. Unit 1 Vocabulary terms Social Contract separation of powers Parliamentratify

4. Unit 1 Vocabulary terms revolutionphilosophe liberalismradicalism

5. Unit 1 Vocabulary terms conservatism moderate citizen federal system

6. Unit 1 Vocabulary terms coup d’etatsalon noblestyranny

7. Unit 1 Vocabulary terms Judeo-Christian values theocracy aristocracyanarchy bourgeoisieclergy

8. Unit 1 Vocabulary definitions Monarchy- A system of government led by a king or queen. Succession is hereditary. Absolute = with total, complete power; Limited = monarch is restrained by certain guidelines or laws. (ex. Constitutional Monarchy) Democracy- a system of government where decisions and laws are made by its citizens. direct= originated in ancient Greece, each citizen participates in governing at an equal level; indirect= developed in the Roman Republic, citizens elect representatives to make decisions for them. Republic- a government that practices representative, or indirect democracy. ex) I pledge allegiance to the flag of the USofA, and to the republic, for which it stands… Constitution- a written set of laws and guidelines that determine how a nation is to be governed.

9. Unit 1 Vocabulary definitions Amendment a change; used to describe a change made to a constitution or law. Due process (of law) A formal process to which a person is entitled if accused of a crime. Its purpose is to ensure fair treatment guided by established rules. Divine Right of Kings The belief that monarchs receive their power directly from God; monarchs used it to justify their power and to answer to no one but God. Natural rights Rights endowed to every person simply by act of being born, regardless of any class distinction; Also known as human rights, or inalienable rights.

10. Unit 1 Vocabulary definitions Social contract agreement between a government and the people where society agrees to be governed by the general will; in return the government is responsive to this will and should be abolished if it is not. Separation of powers a system of government in which executive, legislative & judicial branches can limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances. Parliament a representative body of advisers to a government leader; England’s decision- making body. Ratify to legally approve, or accept

11. Unit 1 Vocabulary definitions Revolution politically, a change in government; usually radical, immediate and violent. Philosophe French for philosopher; used to describe the Enlightenment thinkers of 18 th -century Europe who rejected traditional beliefs in favor of rational or scientific thinking. Liberalism political philosophy which emphasizes the protection of basic rights of all individuals; seeks to limit government power over people. Radicalism a political philosophy which supports extreme change in existing views or institutions; may support drastic action to make change occur.

12. Unit 1 Vocabulary definitions Conservatism political philosophy which supports traditional views & social stability; promotes obedience to authority & church. Moderate politically “in-between” philosophy; seeks change through non-extreme methods; supports social stability and individual rights. Neither conservative nor radical. Citizen an individual who has political rights and privileges in a society Federal system a form of government where power is shared between a central (national) government and state governments.

13. Unit 1 Vocabulary definitions Coup d’etat overthrow of a government by a small group; a coup. Salon formal meeting rooms in large homes where people gathered to discuss the Enlightenment ideas of philosophes; hosted mostly by women; contributed to the spread of Enlightenment ideas. Nobles people of a wealthy, landed or titled class; collectively known as the “Nobility”; also known as aristocrats; a title of a feudal political system. Tyranny oppressive government where absolute power lies with one individual, known as a tyrant.

14. Unit 1 Vocabulary definitions Judeo-Christian values belief system that is rooted in the teachings of Judaism and Christianity. Theocracy a system of government led by the church, or its officials. Aristocracy a system of government where the wealthy rule. Anarchy a society with a complete absence of government. Bourgeoisie the middle class; also includes wealthy people without noble rank. As a group, made significant contributions to the French Revolution. Clergy Church officials, or clerics.