1. Monarchs Chapter 14 section 2 in your notes

2. Mary I Main focus throughout reign was to strengthen England’s foreign policy. This often meant that her subjects did not agree with her actions, and there were many threats to overthrow her.

3. Elizabeth I Main focus during her reign was a strong domestic policy in which she angered many other countries in her quest to make sure that England was a strong world power.

4. James I (1 st of the Stuarts) Domestic policy focused on the supreme right of the crown and he used this to suppress those who did not agree with the Church of England. Foreign policy was focused on making Spain an ally, which angered many of the citizens, because Spain was seen as the enemy.

5. Charles I English Civil War happened during his reign because many of the decisions he made, both with foreign and domestic policy, were disliked by Parliament and Parliament’s supporters. He believed that he had the divine right to do as he wished.

6. Oliver Cromwell- NOT A KING Overthrew Charles I and had him executed. Many of his followers were extreme Puritans who had been persecuted by Charles I. After taking the throne, he purged Parliament of those who did not support him, and was left with the “Rump Parliament”. This Parliament abolished monarchy and declared England a “commonwealth”. Cromwell eventually dispersed this parliament.

7. Charles II Secretly Catholic, but passed many laws and bills to prevent Catholics from having many rights.

8. James II Openly Catholic king and reversed all laws that his brother had made against Catholics during his reign.

9. William III and Mary II Reduced many of the powers of the monarch and were more figureheads than anything. Made the stipulation that no Catholic can sit on the English throne after the English Bill of Rights was written.

10. Absolutism Chapter 14 section 2 in your notes

11. France Louis XIV Sovereignty Finances Wars

12. Prussia Frederick William the Great Elector

13. King Frederick I

14. Austria

15. Russia Peter the Great