1. Chapter 2: Free People in a free land – Building the American System of Government
Study for Quiz:
-Review Vocabulary Sheet
-Crossword Puzzle
-This PowerPoint
-Page 55-56: reviewing what you learned
-Try and answer the 10 questions : pg

2. Colonial Governments Charter Royal Proprietary Authorization
Royal grant to founding group
Directly under control of monarch
Owned by a single person who had received a royal grant of land
Administered by
Governor, usually elected, sometimes appointed by founders
Governor, appointed by monarch
Governor, appointed by proprietor
Lawmaking Bodies
Council and assembly, both elected
Council, appointed by governor; Assembly, elected
Council, appointed by proprietor; Assembly, elected

3. What institutions existed within each colonial government?
Colony’s political institutions included:
A government limited by a charter or constitution
A governor
The governor’s council
A popularly elected assembly
Courts and local governments

4. Assembly
Only the assembly had the power to raise the money needed to pay for the costs of administering the colony
Responsibilities included:
Raising local defense forces
Maintaining law and order
Regulating trade
Writing laws governing land ownership
Dealing with Indian problems

5. Relationship between the monarch and the colonies?
Salutary neglect: British government - laws controlling trade were written but not enforced
Americans learned to take responsibility for their own economic and military security

6. Proclamation of 1763
Parliament closed the western lands to further settlement by issuing the Proclamation of 1763
Guaranteed that the colonies’ own land speculators would love their investments in the West
SUGAR ACT OF 1764
Reduced the tax on non-British sugar and molasses
Double purpose of raising revenue and ending trade with French colonies in the West Indies

7. Stamp Act of 1765
Placed taxes on colonial newspapers, licenses, legal documents, playing cards, and other printed materials
In order to show that the tax has been paid, the items had to have a stamp placed on them
Townshend Act of 1767 – tried to raise additional revenues by taxing colonial imports of glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea

8. Albany Plan of Union
The threat of attack by the French and their Indian allies hung over the northeastern colonies.
The danger was magnified because the colonies has never cooperated in military matters
To solve this problem, the British government called representatives of seven colonies to a meeting in Albany, New York.
Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan under which the colonies would unite in defense of any member faced with raids or invasions

9. Declaration of Independence
5 member committee led by Thomas Jefferson
July 4, 1776 – formally adopted
Three major sections:
Introduction explains why is was necessary to declare independence
Middle section lists the wrongs suffered by the colonies at the hands of the king
Third section announces the creation of a new government
4 important ideas about the government:
All people are created equal and they have certain basic human rights
The purpose of government is to safeguard these rights
The right of a government to rule comes from the people
The people have the right to change their government

10. Articles of Confederation – summary is on pg. 56, bullet point #7
Cooperative measures agreed on by the states:
The creation of a national legislative body scheduled to meet annually and authorized to conduct the nation’s business
One vote per state to be cast as instructed by the various state legislatures
Proclamation of a league of friendship among the states
The government was empowered to provide for the common defense, safeguard individual liberties, and maintain the general welfare

11. Vocabulary: Bicameral legislature: two–houses
Unicameral legislature: one-house
Mercantilism: an economic theory popular in the 1600’s that stated that the role of colonies was to enrich the home country
Colonies developed legislative bodies with 2 houses:
Upper house – council – advised the governor and generally represented the colony’s upper class
Lower house – assembly – popularly elected
First Continental Congress: 1774 – colonies pledged cooperation and sent a Declaration of Rights and Grievances to the king
Second Continental Congress: served as a national government from – its members issued the Declaration of Independence and attempted to manage the economic and military problems of the revolution – ALSO, w rote the Articles of Confederation – signed important treaties of alliance and issues paper money to pay for the war