1. Ecology:
The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.

2. Biotic Factors
Living organisms
Dead organisms
Organisms’ waste

3. Abiotic Factors Nonliving things in an ecosystem
Ex.: Rocks, water, temperature, sunlight, oxygen, sand, climate

4. Parts of the Earth:

5. Biodiversity
The number of different species in an area

7. Abiotic factors affect biodiversity
Temperature: very high or very low temp. limits biodiversity
Water: amount limits biodiversity

8. Climate
average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
determines kinds of species present

9. Is high or low biodiversity more stable?

10. High biodiversity resists damage better!
Ecosystem damage can come from
natural disasters
human impact

11. Levels of Organization
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

13. Species: organisms that can breed and produce viable offspring.

14. Population: individuals of the same species in the same area.

15. Community: all populations of different species living together.

16. Ecosystem: all organisms in an area and their abiotic environment.

17. Biome: a region with specific communities and climate (temp
Biome: a region with specific communities and climate (temp. and precipitation).

18. Terrestrial Biomes Tropical - low latitudes, warm, water varies
rain forests - lots of rain
savannas - less rain, long dry season
deserts - little rain, lower biodiversity
Rainforest Biome

19. Temperate - mid-latitudes, temp. varies
grasslands - moderate water, cooler temps than savannas
forests - plenty of rain, mild climate
deserts - little rain, wide temp. range

20. High Latitude taiga - forests in cold, wet climates
tundra - little rain, mostly frozen

21. Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater - lakes, ponds, rivers
Wetlands - mix of land/water
Estuary - fresh meets salt water
Marine - salty water

22. Biosphere: the part of the world in which life can exist

33. Ecological Methods Observing – what, how many, what are they doing?
Experimenting – test hypothesis
Modeling – large problems or long time frames.

34. Classification of Living Things Ch. 18, pp.423-426
Grouping life based on similarities
Why classify? To study the vast diversity of life and organize information.

35. Carolus Linneaus Swedish, 1750s
Organized and classified living things into a hierarchical system based on physical characteristics.

36. Linnaeus’s System Seven taxonomic categories: Kingdom Animal
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Lepidoptera
Family Danaidae
Genus Danaus
Species plexippus

37. Now we have “Domain” above the Kingdom level 3 Domains
The system can change as scientists gather new information! (DNA, new discoveries)
Now we have “Domain” above the Kingdom level
3 Domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

38. Now come up with your own mnemonic device to remember the order of taxons from domain to species.
D K P C O F G S

39. Taxonomy: the classification and naming of organisms.
Scientific names are universal.
Binomial nomenclature – two part name.
Genus species
Ex: Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Toxicodendron radicans, Peromiscus maniculatus

40. Taxon General term for any one of these categories in the hierarchy.
Plural of taxon is taxa.

41. Monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus

42. Insect Project
To learn the scientific names of some common Kansas insect species
To use the Linnaen classification system
To use a dichotomous key to identify insects

43. http://www. bing. com/images/search

44. Dichotomous Keys
An identification key that contains pairs of contrasting descriptions.
After each description, a key either directs the user to another pair of descriptions or identifies an object

45. The useful online resources like identification keys for your insect project will be on the T-drive:
Share with Students
Schwarting
Biology
Insects

46. Homework: Read Ch. 18. Section 1 on page 423-426.
Do the Chapter 18 Lab on page (You do not have to do the part on p. 439.)