1. European Nations Settle North America
Mr. Morris
World History

2. Key Terms Ch. 20.2 pg. 561 New France Jamestown Pilgrims Puritans
New Netherland
French and Indian War
Metacom

3. Setting the Stage
Spain’s successful colonization of America was noticed by other European nations
All sent colonists to settle in the Americas
North America became a European battleground

4. Competing Claims in North America
European nations first sent ships to America to find a faster route to Asia
After they could not find one through North America, they built colonies there instead

5. Explorers Establish New France
French explorers sailed west looking for an all water route to Asia
1524 – Giovanni de Verrazzano discovered New York harbor
1534 – Jacques Cartier settled Montreal, Canada
1608 – Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, capital of New France (Canada)
Explored the Mississippi River and named it Louisiana - Midwest U.S. and eastern Canada

6. A Trading Empire
France had lots of land, but few inhabitants in North America
Most French colonists didn’t want to build towns or raise families
Catholic priests and young men in the fur trade
French were interested in making money, not occupying territory

7. The English Arrive in North America
1606 – King James of England sent a group of settlers to North America to found a colony
In 1607, they reached Jamestown, VA (named after King James)
This was the first permanent English settlement in North America

8. The Settlement in Jamestown
In the beginning, settlers were more interested in finding gold than planting crops
70% of settlers dead from hunger, disease, or war with Native Americans in the first few years
Eventually, settlers were able to settle into their new lives in Virginia
Discovery of tobacco as a cash crop improved fortunes

9. Puritans Create a “New England”
1620 – Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts
Came to America for religious freedom
Later, Puritans came to North America for escape from the Anglican Church and established the Massachusetts Bay colony
Wanted a community other towns could look to as a role model and was eventually successful

10. The Dutch Found New Netherland
1609 – Henry Hudson arrived at the mouth of the Hudson River
Dutch built posts along the River and called their colony New Netherland
Established trade with the Iroquois Indians
Slow to attract settlers, allowed people from many different lands to settle in the region

11. Colonizing the Caribbean
In the Caribbean Sea, European countries were also gaining possessions
France gained Haiti, Guadeloupe, and Martinique
English settlers arrived in Barbados and Jamaica
Dutch took Netherlands Antilles and Aruba from Spain
In the Caribbean, cotton and sugar plantations were established and run with slave labor

12. The Struggle for North America
With all these nations in close contact with one another, conflict arose between them for supremacy

13. The English Oust the Dutch
New Netherland (Dutch) separated England’s northern and southern colonies
Duke of York took the city for England and renamed it New York
After Dutch were gone, English established 13 colonies along the east coast of America

14. England Battles France
In search of more land, English colonists moved west
The more they expanded, the more England and France interfered with one another
1754 – French and Indian War begins
British colonists defeated the French in North America and France surrendered its North American land to Britain
Britain now in control of half of North America

15. Native Americans Respond
European colonization had a terrible effect on the Native American population

16. A Strained Relationship
French and Dutch got along rather well with Native Americans
Worked together in fur trading industry
English had poor relations with Native Americans
Cooperated in the beginning, but with more land they pushed more natives out of their homes
Viewed one another as devils because of religious differences

17. Settlers and Native Americans Battle
As tensions rose, wars eventually broke out between British and Native Americans
Powhatan tribe attacked Jamestown and killed several hundred settlers
British responded by massacring hundreds of Powhatan
In King Philip’s War, both sides massacred the other until the British eventually won

18. Natives Fall to Disease
Disease was the main killer of Native Americans in North America
Large groups of Native Americans wiped out by smallpox and measles
One tribe went from 24,000 to 750 in 15 years