1. Chapter 15 Section 1
Composition of Matter

2. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space
Ex - Basically everything
2 types of matter
Substances
Mixture

3. Substances
A type of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler components and maintain the properties of the original substance
It is PURE (has a fixed composition)
Ex – helium, aluminum, water, and salt
2 types of substances
Elements
Compounds

4. Elements A substance with atoms that are all alike
If it is on the periodic table, it is an element
Ex – pencil graphite = carbon
penny coating = copper
pure gold = gold

5. Compounds
Substance formed from 2 or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of elements are always the same
Elements bonded together in an exact way
Ex – Water and chalk

6. Mixtures
A material made up of 2 or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means
Ex – Pizza, soda, sand and pebbles, or sand and iron
2 types of mixtures
Heterogeneous
Homogenous

7. Homogenous Mixtures
Solid, liquid, or gas that contains 2 or more substances blended evenly throughout
“Homo” means “same”
Ex – Bottled soda or vinegar
1 types of homogenous mixture
Solutions

8. Solutions
Homogenous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope
Solid particles are too small to be seen and do NOT settle out
Ex - Vinegar

9. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Mixture in which different materials are unevenly distributed and are easily identified
“Hetero” means “different”
Ex – Mixed nuts, dry soup mix, concrete, and some clothing
2 types of heterogeneous solutions
Suspensions
Colloids

10. Suspensions
Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle
Ex – Muddy water

11. Colloids A heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle out
Particles are larger than those in a solution but still will not settle out
Ex – Paint, fog, or smoke

12. How can you distinguish a colloid from a solution?
The Tyndall effect states that a light beam will be scattered as it passes through a colloid
A light beam is invisible as it passes through a solution