1. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Dutch manure policy Seminar Portugal Emar Gemmeke Policy Coordinator

2. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 2 Outline of the presentation 1.Dutch manure market 2.Farm Cycle 3.Dutch manure policy a.Manure use b.Manure production 4. European level 5. Conclusions

3. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 3 1. Dutch manure market

4. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 Facts & figures – livestock numbers Animals2008 - 2011 [million #] Cattle3.9 Pigs12.2 Poultry97.9 Sheep1.1

5. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 5 Manure production (1)

6. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 6 Manure production: = 70.000 mln kg manure = 477 mln kg N = 172 mln kg P 2 O 5 Not equally distributed over the country Surplus in South and East Related to Pigs and Poultry farming Room for 149 mln kg P 2 O 5 (2011) Surplus of 23 mln kg P 2 O 5 Manure production (2)

7. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 7 Allocation of produced manure Own land Arable land Export Processed

8. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 8 2. Farm cycle

9. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 9 Farm cycle

10. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 10 Farm cycle (inputs) feed fertilizer

11. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 11 Farm cycle (outputs) Plant products Animal products Animal manure

12. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 12 Farm cycle (losses) NH 3 CH 4 Odour N 2 0 CO 2 NH 3 CH 4 N 2 0 CO 2 Odour CH 4 NH 3 NO 3 N 2 O Soil/water air NO 3 P

13. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 13 Use of N and P fertilisers Nitrogen (million kg N) Phosphorus (million kg P) Other productsArtificial fertiliser Animal manure

14. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 14 Nutrient surpluses

15. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 15 Monitoring – Nitrate in groundwater Loess Sand Clay Peat Aim

16. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 16 3a. Dutch manure policy – manure use

17. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 17 Application standards For total nitrogen: differentiated with respect to: o Soil type o Crop, and in some cases: variety o In some cases: yields For total phosphate: differentiated: o Land use (arable land or grassland) o Soil phosphate level

18. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 18 Application standards - phosphate P2O5 application standards 20062010201120122013 Grassland High phosphate level11090908585 Neutral phosphate level110100959595 Low phosphate level110100100100100 Arable land High phosphate level95 75706555 Neutral phosphate level95 85757065 Low phosphate level95 85858585

19. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 19 Application regulations – closed periods

20. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 20 Derogation More efficient use of Nitrogen in animal manure 170 kg N/ha/yr ---> 250 kg N/ha/yr 850.000 ha ---> mainly highly productive grasslands 22.500 farms ---> mainly dairy farms Annual monitoring: the aim of nitrate directive is realised Currently The Dutch government 5th Action Programme Nitrates Directive for 2014-2017 is nearly agreed. Again derogation request.

21. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 21 3b. Dutch manure policy – manure production

22. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 22 Vision on Manure: The balance on Manure market (2011): Creating a balance between manure production and manure use from 2015 onwards. Three routes described: 1.Manure processing 2.Animal feed 3.Fertilizer replacement

23. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 23 Route 1. Manure processing Goal: Place part of the Dutch animal manure outside the Dutch agriculture. Examples: Separating DryingExport Pasteurization Combustion

24. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 24

25. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 25 Manure Processing To create enough processing capacity every farmer becomes responsible to process part of the surplus on the farm. Mandatory manure processing will start from 1 January 2014 Not equally distributed Region20142015 South30 %50 % East15 %30 % Other5 %10 %

26. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 26 Route 2: Animal feed Goal: Minerals which are not in the feed, will not be in the manure Agreement with Farmers and Feed industry: Decrease the concentration of phosphate in the feed Innovation to create more efficient feed Monitoring (2012) Decease of 5 mln kg P 2 O 5  Pigs: 3,4 mln kg  Cows: 1,0 mln kg  Poultry: 0,4 mln kg

27. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 27 Route 3. Fertilizer Replacement Goal: Upgrading animal manure to an artificial fertilizer Market of animal manure decreases More use of renewable resources Fertilizers with high efficiency Contaminants Examples:  Mineral concentrates (fluid fertilizer)  Struvite

28. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 28 European level Nitrate Directive The Netherlands is working on the 5th Action Programme Nitrate Directive exclude animal manure as source for artificial fertilizer NL will look for opportunity for high quality fertilizers from animal manure Fertilizer Directive EU is currently reviewing EU Fertilizer Directive NL position to create room for fertilizers from renewable source

29. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 29 To conclude… Dutch manure policy focusses on manure use and production. Strict rules for manure use are needed to create a market for products from manure. Processing, Feed and Fertilizer replacement are all needed to develop a sustainable animal husbandry. Innovation is going fast, and regulations need to adapt. Both national and on European level.

30. Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013 Ministry of Economic Affairs 30 “Continuar a trabalhar para o uso sustentável de estrume’’