1. Navigation and Map Skills Map and compass skills Types of maps and when to use them (1:25,000 and 1:50,000) Map features and grid references, direction and contours Scale and distance, measuring distance Setting a map and using a compass Route planning Direction, Distance and time Description of route legs linking two places from the map. How to write a route card Producing route cards for your practice expedition

2. There are TWO types of map you will use 1:50,000 Used to plan routes Shows a large area 1:25,000 Used while walking Much more detailed (eg. field boundaries)

3. Features on OS Maps to know 1:50,0001:25,000 Footpath, bridlepath Roads Stream/river Phonebox Pub Woodland Church Tracks Railways (cuttings and embankments) Bridges

4. Grid References and Direction Eastings and Northings (E comes before N) “Along the corridor and up the stairs” You must give SIX FIGURE references for checkpoints and know where you are by grid reference at all times !! (Compass roamer) Going from north to south, what the 6- figure grid references for the 4 circled points ? What direction are you travelling from 1  2  3  4 ? 131819 114817 134814 107805 West East South West At this stage you only need vague directions of the 8 cardinal/ intercardnal points but 16 is better !!

5. Contours ! The closer together the steeper it is (up or down) !! Numbers on contour lines show height above sea level (how you know if its up or down) 1 2 3

6. Can you spot…. Where is the big hill ? Where is there a long steep ridge or valley? Why don’t you know if it’s a ridge of a valley? Find… – A pub – A campsite – A car park – An area of woodland – A phonebox – A railway – A cutting – An embankment – A bridge – An A-road – A stream – A river

7. Scale and Distance A square on both kinds of map is 1km String is excellent for measuring distance How far is the route shown in red?

8. Start Destination (and Grid Ref) : Main road in Castleton 155813 Grid Reference & Description Direction (compass point/bearing) Height (+/-m) Distance (km) Time (mins) Written description of leg 163814 PhoneboxE120 Follow the main road to the phonebox in Hope 168821 End of trackNE120 Take the track north and continue onto the path bearing NE for 500m until the end of a track 159826 Below Losehill Fm NW1.2525 Take the footpath northwest uphill until you reach a T-junction of footpaths 168825 RoadE120 Take the right path for 200m and go east downhill to join a track to follow SE to the road 172828 Fulwood FmNE0.510 Take the track slightly north up the road and follow it over a railway to Fulwood farm. 174822 CemeterySE0.7515 Follow the path almost south for 400m and slightly downhill past two buildings on the left to reach the cemetery 100m after the second building. TOTALS 5.5110 GROUP: 4 Day/date: Saturday 25/4/15 Estimated Arrival Time: 11:50am Departure Time: 10:00am Bronze Practice Actual Arrival Time: Will you match it on the real thing???? You cant do the red bits now Top tips Write in the start location and grid reference (from above) Split the route into sections (legs) Write in the end of Leg 1’s destination and grid reference Write the direction travelled from the start location to the end of Leg 1 (eg. NW) Use string to measure the distance and write that in (eg. 2.5) Work out the time it will take (20 mins per kilometre, so 50 for 2.5km) Write a written description of the leg. REPEAT THIS FOR ALL OF THE LEGS Total up the distances and times (in minutes) Enter the start time and work out the finish time – write that in too!

9. Top tips for speedy route card production 1.Write your group number and day number (1 or 2), day (Sat or Sun) and date (eg. 25/4/15) in the top right box. 2.Write in the start location and grid reference in the top box 3.Split the route into sections (legs) 4.Write in the end of each Legs destination and grid reference 5.Write the direction travelled for each leg in the next columns (eg. NW) 6.Use string to measure the distance and write that in for each leg (eg. 2.5) 7.Work out the time it will take for each leg (20 mins per kilometre, so 50 for 2.5km) 8.Write a written description of the legs. 9.Total up the distances and times (in minutes) 10.Enter the start time and work out the finish time – write that in too! Top tips for speedy route card production 1.Write your group number and day number (1 or 2), day (Sat or Sun) and date (eg. 25/4/15) in the top right box. 2.Write in the start location and grid reference in the top box 3.Split the route into sections (legs) 4.Write in the end of each Legs destination and grid reference 5.Write the direction travelled for each leg in the next columns (eg. NW) 6.Use string to measure the distance and write that in for each leg (eg. 2.5) 7.Work out the time it will take for each leg (20 mins per kilometre, so 50 for 2.5km) 8.Write a written description of the legs. 9.Total up the distances and times (in minutes) 10.Enter the start time and work out the finish time – write that in too!