1. AGENCY-WIDE BENEFITS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE SIZE AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT

2. CURRENT CHALLENGES Significant Growth in CMV Traffic Increased congestion and delay Demand for larger and heavier vehicles Mounting stress on infrastructure Greater need for effective and efficient enforcement

3. CURRENT CHALLENGES CMV Size and Weight Non-compliance Premature pavement deterioration Increased annual maintenance costs – State: $8 to $144 million – National: $265 million to $1.11 billion Costly, time-consuming infrastructure repairs – Single events: $150,000 to $350,000 Compromised safety levels Traffic delays, fuel consumption, harmful emissions

4. CURRENT CHALLENGES Bridge Infrastructure Deterioration 72,500 U.S. bridges “structurally deficient” $65.3 billion repair estimate Inexact methods to reduce, refine, prioritize actions – Uncertainties in traffic loading – Uncertainties in bridge response

5. CURRENT CHALLENGES Personnel Limitations Inflexible fixed weigh facilities Significant effort expended on compliant carriers – 1% violation capture rates on U.S. Interstates Labor-intensive permit review, approval, issuance Lack of coordination, integration, data sharing – Planning and programming – Enforcement – Design and engineering

6. BACKGROUND 2006 European Scan Tour Emerging technologies Unconventional procedures Novel data applications Innovative funding mechanisms Multinational harmonization THE NETHERLANDS BELGIUM GERMANY FRANCE SLOVENIA SWITZERLAND

7. EUROPEAN APPROACH Unique Partnerships Similar agencies of different jurisdictional levels – National and regional law enforcement agencies Different agencies – Transportation, law enforcement, regulatory, and prosecution agencies In The Netherlands, the Ministry of Transport funds 100 additional limited capacity National Police Agency officers who focus 40% and 60% of their time on weight enforcement and congestion/incident management activities, respectively.

8. EUROPEAN APPROACH Technology-based Policies/Procedures CMV enforcement – size – weight WIM system calibration OS/OW vehicle permitting, routing, and monitoring Bridge infrastructure preservation

9. EUROPEAN APPROACH CMV Size Enforcement Infrastructure preservation – Switzerland, The Netherlands protect critical tunnels Pre-selection for manual enforcement – Germany, combined with Toll Collect system Direct enforcement – Switzerland, combined with fixed weigh facilities BENEFITS  Higher volume of CMVs monitored, processed  More efficient use of personnel  Increased accuracies, certainty in court  Significant infrastructure damage cost savings  Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

10. EUROPEAN APPROACH CMV Weight Enforcement Pre-selection for manual enforcement – Various countries, supports mobile and fixed operations Enforcement resource scheduling – France, Slovenia, The Netherlands utilize historic WIM data Preventative carrier contacts – France, The Netherlands target habitually non-compliant carriers Bypass prevention – France, The Netherlands support site selection, site level system plans Pre-selection, enforcement resource scheduling, and preventative carrier contacts often combined to provide comprehensive enforcement approach.

11. EUROPEAN APPROACH Direct enforcement – France, The Netherlands leading efforts – Low-speed and high-speed WIM – Attaining sufficient WIM system accuracy levels – Gaining metrological certification – Modifying existing laws that require static measurements BENEFITS  Increased violation capture rates  Reduced fixed facility demand  Reduced harmful emissions from static weighing process  Significant infrastructure damage cost savings

12. EUROPEAN APPROACH WIM System Calibration Continuous calibration – France, The Netherlands, during scheduled enforcement Quality assurance – The Netherlands issues QA Statement with every data request Dynamic calibration – The Netherlands utilizes specially designed vehicle BENEFITS  Eliminates resource-intensive field calibration  Enhanced data quality benefits:  Planning and programming  Enforcement  Design and engineering

13. EUROPEAN APPROACH OS/OW Vehicle Permitting, Routing, and Monitoring Self Permitting/Routing – Switzerland provides self-routing Website Bridge Safety Assessment – France, Slovenia use measured structure response, traffic data Remote Field Verification of Permits – Slovenia, The Netherlands compare in-field measurements to permit BENEFITS  Increased personnel efficiency, cost-effectiveness  Increased bridge safety accuracy  Increased permit violation capture rates  Significant infrastructure damage cost savings  Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

14. EUROPEAN APPROACH Bridge Infrastructure Preservation Structural/safety assessment – Slovenia, France enhance the accuracy of bridge safety conclusions through direct measurements Load testing – Slovenia uses “soft” load testing BENEFITS  Offers traditional WIM system capabilities  Cost-effective, non-intrusive data capture  More accurate structural/safety assessment  Supports “soft” load testing  Significant cost savings from appropriate rehabilitation  Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

15. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Overheight Vehicle Detection System Vehicle Profiler System WIM Systems – In-road – Bridge Dynamic Calibration Vehicle Vehicle Identification System Advanced Routing/Permitting System Archived Records Database

16. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Overheight Vehicle Detection System Functions Detects overheight vehicles using infrared, laser sensors Alerts driver of overheight status Recommends action using static signs/flashers, audible alarms, dynamic message signs Considerations Provides 24/7 monitoring May experience false alarms Audible alarms may not be heard by driver, may disturb area businesses/residents Estimated Cost $25,000 - $125,000 per system/approach Varies by driver communication technologies, on-site communication requirements

17. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Vehicle Profiler System Functions Provides three-dimensional vehicle profile Supports pre-selection at high speeds Supports direct enforcement at low speeds Considerations Provides 24/7 monitoring in high-speed applications May be combined with fixed weigh facilities Accuracies to ±2 in. height/width, ±4 in. length at 5 mph Estimated Cost $250,000 per system

18. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES In-road WIM System Functions Measures and records axle, gross weight using piezo quartz, piezo ceramic, fiber optic sensors Considerations Provides 24/7 monitoring May be less accurate than traditional WIM systems Low cost supports wider implementation Estimated Cost $9,000 - $32,500 per lane Varies by sensor type, on-site communication requirements Requires additional, ongoing maintenance with associated costs

19. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Bridge WIM System Functions Measures, records weight using existing structures instrumented with strain transducers/gauges Measures, records axles using traditional sensors or Nothing-on-Road/Free-of-Axle Detector (NORFAD) systems Considerations Requires suitable bridge and location Most successful on short, stiff bridges Structural assessments require transducer calibration Calibration may require specialized expertise Estimated Cost $100,000 - $130,000 per bridge/system Varies by sensor type, on-site communication requirements

20. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Dynamic Calibration Vehicle Functions Calibrates dynamic load measurements to true dynamic - rather than static - loads Considerations May be used to calibrate traditional static weigh bridges Estimated Cost $1.72 million for vehicle construction $6,300 per in-service day

21. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Vehicle Identification System Functions Cameras capture vehicle silhouette, license plate images OCR software converts license plate image to numeric data Images/data transmitted via DSRC to portable computer used by enforcement officials Considerations Conversion of license plate images may result in errors Estimated Cost $52,000 - $80,000 per system Varies by camera type, on-site communication requirements

22. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Advanced Routing/Permitting System Functions Allows drivers to self-route based on origin, destination, route restrictions Considerations Requires supporting highway, bridge information Initial development costly due to different state fees, routing, regulations Provides 24/7 access for industry Estimated Cost $2.0 – $8.3 million per statewide system

23. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Archived Records Database Functions Supports data-driven enforcement scheduling Supports preventative carrier contacts Supports enhanced data quality Encourages long-term performance monitoring Considerations Requires procedures for quality control Estimated Cost $225,000 - $300,000

24. FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE

25. QUESTIONS http:www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2335