2. 14. Interpret Graphs Which level of taxonomic category shown in Figure 18–4 contains the greatest number of different organisms?
15. Classify Do all organisms shown in Figure 18–4 that belong to the order Carnivora also belong to the phylum Chordata? Explain.
16. Classify Do all organisms shown in Figure 18–4 that belong to the class Mammalia also belong to the genus Ursus? Explain.
17. Observe Based on the information in Figure 18–4, describe how the diversity at each level changes from species to kingdom.
18. Infer Examine Figure 18–4. In which group, Ursidae or Carnivora, would you expect the members to be more similar to one another? Explain your answer.

3. Classification of Living Things
DOMAIN
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
KINGDOM
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
CELL TYPE
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
CELL STRUCTURE S
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
Cell walls of chitin
Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts
No cell walls or chloroplasts
NUMBER OF
CELLS
Unicellular
Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
Most multicellular; some unicellular
Most multicellular; some green algae unicellular
Multicellula r
MODE OF
NUTRITION
Autotroph or heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
EXAMPLES
Streptococcus, Escherichia coli
Methanogens, halophiles
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Mushrooms, yeasts
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

4. 19. Interpret Tables According to Figure 18–5, what is the main difference between the domain Bacteria and the domain Archaea?
20. Apply Concepts If you know an organism has a cell wall and is a multicellular autotroph, could you use Figure 18–5 to determine the kingdom to which it belongs? Why or why not?
21. Interpret Tables Can you determine, by examining Figure 18–5, which kingdom contains the greatest number of species? Why or why not?
22. Apply Concepts If you were told only that an organism is multicellular and lacks a cell wall, could you use Figure 18–5 to determine the kingdom to which it belongs? Why or why not?
23. Interpret Tables Considering the data presented in Figure 18–5, which characteristic seems more important in assigning an organism to a specific domain—the presence or absence of a nucleus or its mode of nutrition? Why?

5. Classification of Four Organisms
Corn
Whale
Shark
Humpback
Spider
Monkey
Kingdom
Plantae
Animalia
Phylum
Anthophyta
Chordata
Class
Monocotyledones
Chondrichthyes
Mammalia
Order
Commelinales
Squaliformes
Cetacea
Primates
Family
Poaceae
Rhincodontidae
Balaenopteridae
Atelidae
Genus
Zea
Rhincodon
Megaptera
Ateles
Species
Zea mays
Rhinacodon typus
Megaptera novaeangilae
Ateles paniscus

6. 24. Interpret Tables Which two organisms listed in Figure 18–6 are most closely related to each other? Explain.
25. Interpret Tables Which level of taxonomic category shown in Figure 18–6 indicates whether an organism is a mammal or not?
26. Interpret Tables How many different kingdoms are represented by the organisms listed in Figure 18–6? What are they?
27. Infer Consider the following statement: “Size and shape are NOT reliable indicators of how closely different organisms are related.” What information shown in Figure 18–6 supports this statement?

7. What are the three main cell types?
Building A Cell
What are the three main cell types?

8. Learning Targets “I Can…”
-Compare and contrast the three types of cells: plant, animal, and bacteria.
-Distinguish between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
-Distinguish between a plant and animal cell.
-Draw/create a bacteria, plant, and animal cell and place the appropriate organelles in each cell type.

9. Procedures
Cut out the cell parts and paste them in the cell in the proper location.
Label each cell part on the diagram.
Label the cell type (animal, plant, or bacteria.)
Label the cell as eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Color the cell according to the key below:
Cell Wall= Blue Cell Membrane= Yellow
Cytoplasm= Pink
6. Create a Venn Diagram to show the similarities and differences of the three cell types.