1. X-ray diffraction Biophysics

2. W. K. Röntgen (1845 – 1923) Wife’s hand

3. Ruhmkorff inductor

4. X-ray tube with rotating anode

6. Syncrotron in Grenoble

7. X-ray spectrum of rhodium Λ min K series Å (Duane – Hunt limit) White radiation Bremsstrahlung

8. Moseley-law σ= 1 for K lines σ= 7.4 for L lines

9. Diffractometer Note: diffraction is a special geometry dependent spectroscopy

10. X-ray diffraction facility

12. Laue diagram Condition for constructive interference: Δ = AD - BC Incident beam X Z Y α0α0 β0β0 γ0γ0

13. Diffraction pattern of a crystal

14. X-ray pattern of whale myoglobin

15. Debye-Scherrer method

16. Bragg scattering condition kλ= 2dsinδ

17. Diffraction from 2-D lattice Incident beam Reflected beam

18. Sources of secondary X rays zero order 0 1 3 2 -2 -3 third order P Row of scatterers 1 1’ Note: If the number of scatterers increases the diffraction pattern becomes sharper

19. Continuous helix

20. Diffraction pattern of continuous helix 1 2 3 1/P P: pitch of helix

21. X-ray diffraction of helix structure 1/R +1 1/p

22. Generation of diffraction pattern 14.3 nm

23. Striated muscle Relaxed state Rigor state

24. Sarcoplasmatic reticulum

26. I4-1 supernova