1. Mayan calendar
Mária Hricová Bartolomejová
Ladislav Hric
Kolos 2011

2. History of Mezoamerican Indians
BC passing through Bering strait-hunters
PaleoIndians: 3500 BC-agriculture, pottery
Olmecs: BC, Mexican Bay, statutes, jaguar, feather snake
Zapotecs: till 300 BC, Oaxaka(wahaka),Monte Alban, agriculture,writ, hieroglyphs, system of dots and bars, calendar
Teotihuacan culture: 150 AD-pyramid of the Sun, AD pyramid of the Moon, 50 km from Mexico City, Got of the feather snake Quetzalcoatl

3. Mayans: 250-900 AD, Yucatan, Guatemala, Belize, ancient towns: Palenque, Chichen Itza.
Feather snake, other Deities
Writing-hieroglyphs,mathematics, calendar, astronomy
Aztecs: military nation coming from the north, 14 cent. AD, capital-Tenochtitlan-Venice of the New World,lake Texcoco(Teškoko) latest King Montezuma II
God of the Sun-Huicilopochtilo (vicilopočtlí)-sacrifying of human hearts, blood
God of the Feather snake Quetzalcoatl
calendar, mathematics astronomy, writing from Mayans

5. Mayan mathematics Vigesimal number system based on 20 0 – 19
Combination of dots and bars
5 dots replaced by one bar
Mayans knew zero

6. Number
Decimal
System
Vigesimal
system 35
3x101+
5x100
1x201+
15x200
543
5x102+
4x101+
3x100
1x202+
7x201 +
3x200
3453
3x103+
4x102+
5x101+
8x202+
12x201 +
13x200 35
543
3453
202==400
201=
=20
200= =1

7. Number
Decimal
System
Vigesimal
system 60
6x101
3x201+
0x200
543
5x102+
4x101+
3x100
1x202+
7x201 +
3x200
3453
3x103+
4x102+
5x101+
8x202+
12x201 +
13x200 60
400
8421
202==400
201=
=20
200= =1

8. sumation by Mayas 8522 + 10966 = 19488 203= 8000 202= 400 201= 20 200=

10. Chichen Itzá-El Caracol
Observation: Sun, Venus, Moon, constallations, Milky way
Solar beams through the slit on the walls
Predictions of the solar eclipses

11. Palenque-Palace
King and priests observed the Sunset from tower toward the pyramid of the Inscriptions on 21.December=winter solstice

12. Calendar Tzolkin (ritual)
IMIX
Water lily,dragon
IK’
wind
AK’BAL
Night-house
K’AN
corn
CHIKCHAN
snake
KIMI
death
MANIK’
hand
LAMAT
Venus
MULUK’
water OK
dog
CHUEN
Monkey EB
tuth
BEN
rreed IX
Jaguar
MEN
Eagle
KIB
soul
KABAN
Earth
ETZ’NAB
Knife
KAWAK
Storm
AHAW
Lord
Calendar Tzolkin (ritual)
Cycle of 260 days orbital motion of Venus consisting of
2 cycles:
A) 13 days from 1 to 13 numbers of days
B) 20 days from 0 to 19
names of days – events from common life
1.Imix –New year after 260 days

13. Ritual calendar Tzolkin
Alternating of 2 cycles 13 days and 20 days
13x20=260 days
Beginning of New year= 1.IMIX
4 seasonal cycles=4x65 days

14. Ritual calendar Tzolkin

15. Calendar Haab (civil) Numbers of days +names of months
Pohp
Mask
Yax
green?? Wo
frog
Zak
white??
Sip
Deer
Keh
Sotz’
Bat
Mak
Blanket
Sek
Skull
K’ank’in
Full Sun
Xul
End
Muwan
Owl
Yaxk’in
New Sun
Pax
Music
Mol
Union
K’ayab
Turtle
Ch’en
Well
Kumk’u
Dark God
365 days annual movement of Sun
18 months each 20 days=0...19
Names of months-symbols from life
18x20=360 +Wayeb (5 days nonamed, unlucky=0...4)

16. Calendar Haab (civil) hieroglyfic expression

17. Calendar Haab (civil) hieroglyfic expression
Last day of month=sitting day on the next month

18. Calendar cycle (Tzolkin+Haab)
Tzolkin 260 days
Haab 365 days
Beginning of both cycles after (divisible) days =
= 52 Haab = 73 Tzolkin
4 Ahaw, 8 Cumku again after days
Nowadays are used :Mexiko, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize

19. Calendar cycle (Tzolkin+Haab)

20. Expression of calendar cycle by gliphs

21. Mezoamerican indians

22. Long Count Recording of the historical events
1 Bak’tun = 20 K’atun = days
1 K’atun = 20 Tun = days
1 Tun = 18 Winal = 360 days (0...17)
1 Winal = 20 K’in = 20 days (0...19)
1 K’in = 1 day
Starting of mayan calendar on 13 (11).Aug.3114 BC= JD = , 4 Ahau, 8 Cumcu
= 12x x x360+17x20+18 = days JD = days =

23. Mayan expression of date

24. Mayan expression of date
Kolos = JD = = = 12x x x x20+13= Bak’tun 19 K’atun 18 Tun 16 Winal 13 K’in =
/260, 4 Ahau, = 6 Eb (divisible)
/365, 8 Kumku = 1 Mak
Today by Mayans , 6Eb, 1 Mak

25. Calculation of the end of world
Mayan believed in 13 baktuns – 13 heavens which gradually developed
End of the count by mayan calendar
= 13 baktun, 0 katun, 0 tun, 0 winal, 0 kin, 4 Ahau, 3 Kankin =
13x = days + MB(584283JD) = JD = (21)23.dec.2012 (almanac)

26. What is happening in 2012?
Transit of Venus Jun 2012 – Nordkap -expedition Norway Solar eclipse November 2012 Caerms – Queensland - Australia SAS pri SAV Info

27. Chichén Itzá-El Castillo
Mayan calendár-9 platforms divided by 2=18 months
4 sides 91 steps + top platformn=365 days a year
Each fasade 52 plain stones=52 year cycle
Northern steps=lights and shadows show the optical efect of the waving snake on and 23.9.
It takes 3 h 22 min

28. Thank
You
for
your
attention