1. 2010/04/27 data 1

2. 2 MPR data, Courtesy of Dr. Kevin Knupp

3. 3 Cloud No data 318 302

4. 4 Note this high Almost cutoff low

5. NAM RH, pressure-time cross section above HSV 5 lat:34.73, long: -86.65 http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/ 12Z 4/26 ~ 00Z 4/30, 100-1000hpa Note the starting time

6. NAM wind speed above HSV 6 The direction of the axis is north-south. 60m/s=216km/hour Subtropical jet

7. Nov. 4, 2010 case 7

8. 8 11/3 11/611/5 11/4

9. 9

10. 10

11. 1. Comparison of the CMAQ ozone simulation and the lidar measurement for a STE event Lidar O3 CMAQ O3 Sonde The CMAQ model is able to capture most of the tropospheric ozone variability caused by this STE event [manuscript in prep., Arastoo et al.] and simulates extremely well the subsiding tongue- shaped ozone layer.

12. 12

13. 13 298 Low PBL O3 due to the precipitation on 11/3 and 4, There high RH looks wrong Also, these should be much lower (<5%), possibly interfered by the high RH at lower alt.

14. No high surface ozone, here the high index (e.g., later than 11/9) is due to PM, not ozone (check ‘ozone peak and ‘Particle peak’) 14

15. 300hpa 12Z http://www.spc.nssl.noaa.gov/obswx/maps 15 11/311/4 11/5 11/6

16. 16

17. 17

18. 18

19. 19

20. RH and isotachs 20

21. 21 Note the very broad low RH, different with other cases

22. http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/mesoscale_winds/archive/05Nov10/ 22

23. Apr. 5, 2011 case 23

24. Apr. 2 ozonesonde 24 3/31 GOME 4/1 GOME tropopause

25. Sonde 25 4/2 sonde 4/5 sonde (lower tropopause) Low RH, likely strato O3

26. 26 4/5 sonde4/9 sonde 3/26 sonde4/2 sonde 3/26 RH has problem.

27. 27

28. Guess 28 Sunrise ~6:30LTSunset ~19:15LT FT-to-PBL transport after sunset 52ppbv63ppbv EPA Daily surface max 11 increase is a evidence of STE influence on surface? Also strato O3

29. GOME total ozone 29 4/5 GOME4/6 GOME

30. OMI 30 http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/ozone/ozone_v8.html http://www.temis.nl/protocols/o3col/o3col_menu_omi.php?Year=2011&Month=04&Day=03 OMI can be also downloaded here

31. 31

32. 300hpa 12Z 32 4/3 4/6 4/5 4/4

33. 500-hpa contour 33 4/5 12:00UTC 4/6 12:00UTC

34. 34

35. 4/5 12Z 35

36. Profiler showing the jet 36

37. Profiler (no 4/7 data) 37

38. 38

39. 39

40. 40 Cold front pass Rain STE air SI 298 May reach ground

41. 41

42. 42 4/44/5 4/64/7 Rain

43. 43 2011 8/29 STE

44. 8/20 and 8/27 sonde Note there is no ceilometer data for 8/25 26 ozone curtain.

46. Should be summer, not autumn 314 326 318 The summer theta for STT is higher, averagely peaked at 315~330K, see Wernli 2002.

49. 49 Low tropopause, STE before the lidar observation

53. 2011/9/30 53

54. 54

55. 55

56. 2012/1/4 data 56

57. 57

58. 58 Low WV, SI

59. 2012/4/6-7 data 59

60. 60 302 318

61. 61 Intrusion is here

62. 2012/4/23-25 data 62

63. 63 Note, very likely the MPR is not able to retrieve the low tropopause, also based on the 10/04/27 case

64. 2012/5/10 data 64

65. 65 have 5/11 data 318 A little close to summer, so tropopause theta is high