1. Population Geography F Distribution of World Population F Population Statistics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition Model F Population Control F Overpopulation (Malthus and Neo- Malthusians

5. Palestinian Territories Fertility Rate 1975-19807.39 1980-19857.00 1985-19906.43 1990-19956.46 1995-20005.99 2000-20055.57 2.1 is generally regarded as the replacement rate (the rate at which a population neither grows nor shrinks) in the developed world. In less developed countries this rate should be higher to account for so many children not reaching childbearing age. AfricaFertility Rate 1975-19806.60 1980-19856.45 1985-19906.11 1990-19955.67 1995-20005.26 2000-20054.97 U.K. Total fertility rate 1975-19801.72 1980-19851.80 1985-19901.81 1990-19951.78 1995-20001.70 2000-20051.66 Total Fertility Rate - the average number of children a women will have in her childbearing years. This rate varies from just over 1 (Japan, Italy) to around 7 (Niger, Mali). The U.S. rate is 2.

6. Infant Mortality Rate – the number of deaths of children under the age of one per thousand live births. The rate ranges from as low as 3 (Singapore, Iceland) to as much as 150 (Sierra Leone, Afghanistan). The U.S. rate is just over 6. High infant mortality tends to result in higher fertility rates as families seek “insurance” for the loss of children.

7. World Death Rates F Infectious diseases –HIV/AIDS –SARS F Degenerative diseases –Obesity –Tobacco use F Epidemiology F Epidemiological transition

8. Rates of Natural Increase

9. Demographic Transition Model

10. F Stage one (preindustrial/pre-agricultural) –Crude birth/death rate high –Fragile, but stable, population F Stage two (improved agriculture and medicine) –Lower death rates –Infant mortality rate falls –Natural increase very high F Stage three (attitudes change) –Indicative of richer developed countries –Higher standards of living/education –Crude birth rate finally falls F Stage four –Crude birth/death rates low –Population stable –Populations aging

11. First stage Stage One High Stationary Pre-industrial stage

12. First Stage F High Birth Rate F High Death Rate F Population Stationary

13. Demographic Transition Model

14. F Stage one (preindustrial/pre-agricultural) –Crude birth/death rate high –Fragile, but stable, population F Stage two (improved agriculture and medicine) –Lower death rates –Infant mortality rate falls –Natural increase very high F Stage three (attitudes change) –Indicative of richer developed countries –Higher standards of living/education –Crude birth rate finally falls F Stage four –Crude birth/death rates low –Population stable –Populations aging

15. Second Stage F Stage two F Early expanding F Early industrial

16. Second Stage F Industrial revolution F Migration to urban F Increase in health, people live longer F Better sewage, food, water

17. Demographic Transition Model

18. F Stage one (preindustrial/pre-agricultural) –Crude birth/death rate high –Fragile, but stable, population F Stage two (improved agriculture and medicine) –Lower death rates –Infant mortality rate falls –Natural increase very high F Stage three (attitudes change) –Indicative of richer developed countries –Higher standards of living/education –Crude birth rate finally falls F Stage four –Crude birth/death rates low –Population stable –Populations aging

19. Third Stage F Stage three F Late expanding F Late industrial

20. Third Stage F Industrial revolution F Migration to urban F Fewer farmer, more machines, F Children become a liability F Less need for children, drop in births

21. Third Stage F Population continues to grow F Older baby boom must age enough to get old enough to die

22. Demographic Transition Model

23. F Stage one (preindustrial/pre-agricultural) –Crude birth/death rate high –Fragile, but stable, population F Stage two (improved agriculture and medicine) –Lower death rates –Infant mortality rate falls –Natural increase very high F Stage three (attitudes change) –Indicative of richer developed countries –Higher standards of living/education –Crude birth rate finally falls F Stage four –Crude birth/death rates low –Population stable –Populations aging

24. Fourth Stage F Stage Four F Low stationary F Post industrial

25. Fourth Stage F Birth and death rates low F Population stable F Less need for children F More educated women

26. Demographic Transition Model

27. Stage Five F Service Sector F Post industrial

28. Stage Five F Death rate stable F Birth rates fall F Population drops

29. Exceptions to model F Disease F Government F Culture

30. Problems with the Demographic Transition Model based on European experience, assumes all countries will progress to complete industrialization many countries reducing growth rate dramatically without increase in wealth on the other hand, some countries “stuck” in stage 2 or stage 3