1. HA-NDGPS: Opportunities in an Open Landscape Jim Arnold Federal Highway Administration Office of Operations Research and Development

2. The Problem Safety, Mobility, Efficiency High end maps Nationwide Inexpensive Mapping Positioning Communications

3. Other Constraints Infrastructure –Consumer Telecommunications (cell phones included) don’t cover the country: Cell Phone NRQZ

4. Other Constraints Population Density Per Capita Income Terrain Rank (2000) State Population density (2000) (persons per sq. mi.) IncomeRank (2006) 1New Jersey1,138.00$62,3722 5Maryland541.9$70,3781 10Pennsylvania274$50,71324 20 New Hampshire137.8$63,7317 U.S. Average80.7$52,029 29 West Virginia75.1$37,98949 40Kansas32.9$50,17725 48Montana6.2$43,65442 50Alaska1.1$68,4604

5. Back to the Problem Nationwide –Communications –Positioning (Navigation) –Mapping High precision –Communications – High bandwidth data –Positioning as tight as.3 meters absolute –Mapping must be MUCH better

6. Problem and Program Objectives HA-NDGPS* Examine ways to enable 3-D dynamic positioning at the centimeter level throughout the US, Coexist with existing infrastructure, Minimize deployment costs. Problem: Submeter resolution of vehicle position needed for many advanced vehicle safety concepts. Program Objective: Assess the implementation feasibility for improving the accuracy of the NDGPS service, using existing infrastructure, to meet the requirements of additional applications without decreasing availability and integrity and still meeting the needs of existing users. * From original proposal in 2000

7. Current Coverage

8. GPS (13 meters) Perspective on Accuracy Horizontal, Dynamic, 95% Initial Tests NDGPS (1 meter) HA-NDGPS(Dynamic) (.1 Meters) HA-NDGPS(Static) (.01 Meters)

9. Static Positioning at 50 km Actual Real-time Hydra plot of static geodetic survey application performed at Dickerson, MD 47.8 km from reference station. Reference Data Source – Hagerstown HA-NDGPS Broadcast

10. Long Range Single Baseline Test Tangier Island HA-NDGPS Experiment (250 km). Comparison of approximate “truth” geodetic coordinates of mail boat With the real-time solution based upon the HA-NDGPS broadcast. Results are roughly 10-20 centimeters as expected at this great range.

11. HA-NDGPS Coverage Hagerstown, MD Hawk Run, PA Orbisonia, PA 50 mile baselines

12. Multi-Station

13. “Accurate” Solution Nationwide RTK? What You Need: –Satellite Lock –Ground based system broadcasting observables –Multiple reference stations at less than 200 mile baselines –Accurate Ephemeris –Accurate Clock data –Good ionosphere model –Good Troposphere model –Integrity Check What You Get: –Initial.5 to 1 meter code accuracy –Reduced search space for integers –Very fast integer resolution at long ranges

14. Code Differential Solution 500100150 50 0 100 150

15. Integer Resolution 500100150 50 0 100 150

16. Integer Resolution 500100150 50 0 100 150

17. Integer Resolution 500100150 50 0 100 150

18. SBIR Project Examining NDGPS/HA-NDGPS as a stand alone navigation solution Data indicates multipath (skywave) an issue beyond 100 miles Supplement with other services (e.g. broadcast services) Analysis supports sub 10 meter resolution. Potential to augment DGPS –Starting from known high accuracy position, many factors eliminated in short term. –Potential for high resolution during short (less than 5 second) GPS outages (urban canyon effects0 –Need further research

19. Other Aspects Incorporating NOAA developed highly accurate and flexible atmospheric models –Troposphere –Ionosphere NGS exploring live data sets from sites over the Internet Site Reliability high/24 hour maintenance response

20. Summary What it is: –HA-NDGPS signal successfully broadcast from multiple locations State-of-the-Art modulation Reliable diplexing technology –Developed new atmospheric modeling approaches –Accuracy better than 10 cm horizontally, 95% –Availability above 99.9% –Implementation cost <$100,000 per site –Potential as stand alone navigation service What it can do: –Enabling Technology to meet Positioning Mapping –Highly reliable data site for RTN – compliment not competitor –Provides common infrastructure across the country –Supports more than Transportation NOTE: THIS IS A RESEARCH PROGRAM. DECISION ON DEPLOYMENT IS BASED ON REQUIREMENTS. WE HAVE NO REQUIREMENTS

21. Contact Information Jim Arnold Federal Highway Administration 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101 Phone: (202)493-3265 Fax: (202)493-3419 **E-mail: james.a.arnold@dot.gov**