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A Spanish Empire A colony is an area settled by immigrants who are ruled by the parent country Spain was the first country to colonize America They colonize much of the Caribbean, South America, Central America, parts of North America including Florida
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France France colonizes the interior of North America Fur Trade
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The English Spain was not the only country to explore new land Great Britain was looking to emerge as a great world power and wanted to expand One of the first British Colonies was Roanoke Island It was established in the late 1580s
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Roanoke In 1590 2 ships from Britain arrived at Roanoke to resupply the colony However, John White and his men found it abandoned All that remained were some abandoned homes and two tree with carvings in them One said “CRO” The other said CROATOAN It is now known the nearby by Natives were called the Croatoan
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English Aggression Queen Elizabeth hired privateers to raid Spanish ships Privateers are privately owned ships hired by a government to attack other ships Sir Francis Drake is one of the most famous He raided Spanish gold in Florida He was the first English sailor to sail around the world
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Jamestown In 1606 the British tried to colonize after the Roanoke disaster Business men asked for a charter from the king They began a colony company called the Virginia Company In 1607 100 colonists were sent near the James River in Virginia The settlement was called Jamestown after King James I
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Jamestown Native Americans attacked the settlement An English cannon helped stop the attack The Powhatan Indians dominated the area The English paid tribute to Chief Powhatan Many of the colonists were not fit to survive they were gold smiths and aristocrats John Smith the colony leader said “he that will not work will not eat”
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Jamestown Many colonists dies because of lack of food, wars with Indians, and malaria War was fought with Algonquin tribe led by Powhatan
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Jamestown In 1624 Jamestown became a royal colony with a governor appointed by the king Virginia also had a legislature It was called the House of Burgesses
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Jamestown Settlers in America began to grow Tobacco They establish plantations near rivers Growing Tobacco was labor intensive and more people moved to the Americas They were each promised 50 acres of land This became known as the headright system
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Jamestown Many farmers lost their land in England because landowners made more money using the land for livestock Many people who could not afford the trip to America became indentured servants They would work for 7 years for a master to pay off the voyage cost They would be given freedom and usually their own land
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Jamestown The English did not want coexist with the Natives the way the Spanish did In 1622 the Chief Powhatan Indians attacked Jamestown with the intensions of killing all of the English They failed but 350 colonists were killed The settlers retaliated They would live with uneasy tensions for a long period
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Bacon’s Rebellion As more English arrived population grew Many people looked west for new land to farm This caused clashes between settlers and the natives Virginia’s royal governor William Berkeley refused to raise an army to defend against the Natives
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Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon a member of the governors council decided to raise an army to defend the frontiersmen In 1676 he raised an army The governor was not happy with Bacon’s actions and declared him a rebel Bacon said the governor was not protecting the frontiersmen Bacon had his army burn down Jamestown
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Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon controlled most of Virginia after this but he died of illness suddenly and so did his rebellion It showed that frontiersmen were tired of the English governing them It also showed that the poor would not tolerate the government
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New England England colonized the area that is now Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine In 1534 Henry VIII created the Anglican Church of England Some believed it was too Catholic and not pure enough These people were called puritans
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Religious Freedom The puritans were persecuted for their beliefs in England A group of Puritans left for America in 1620 They are known as the pilgrims 100 pilgrims left on the Mayflower They agreed to the Mayflower Compact in which they agreed to obey the governments law They created their own law
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Pilgrims They landed at a place they called Plymouth in Massachusetts Half died in the first winter Squanto taught them to farm The first Thanksgiving was held in 1621
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Massachusetts Bay Colony Between 1630 and 1640 thousands of people left England for America in the Great Migration Most were puritans who did not believe in religious tolerance People in the Massachusetts Bay Colony had to be Puritan
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Puritan Life Lived in religious communities They convinced about 1,000 Natives to become Puritan They lived in praying towns
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The Salem Witch Trials In1692 young girls in Salem Mass. Claimed the devil had taken control of them and accused 3 townspeople of being witches 20 people men and women were accused and hanged for being a witch Some scientists believe the girls may have been effected by ergot poisoning
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The Pequot War In 1637 the Mass. Bay Colony sent an army to attack the Pequot after several violent eruptions The Puritans burned down the Pequot’s fort killing 500 Only a handful of Pequot survived
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King Philip’s War Tensions rose between the Wampanoag and the settlers of Swansea, in Plymouth Colony June 24, 1675 a farmer shot a Wampanoag who was killing cows in a pasture One of the Native leaders who would unite tribes up and down the north east was named Metacom He was known to the English as King Philip
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King Philip’s War During King Philip’s War 20 towns were attacked and 2,000 settlers were killed The settlers struck back killing 4,000 Natives The English had an advantage because they shared a language Metacom had trouble communicating between different tribes
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King Philip’s War Metacom was eventually found and killed in Rhode Island The war continued for a year It hurt the colonists economy Native American life in southern New England virtually disappeared
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The Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware
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New York New York was founded by the Dutch and called the New Netherlands They established the Dutch West India Company and a trading post called New Amsterdam (Manhattan) The Dutch were interested in fur trade
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New Amsterdam Became a major trade port for many nations 18 different languages were spoken It had the first synagogue in North America The English were envious and King Charles II declared that all Dutch territory now belonged to the Duke of York England sent 4 ships and several hundred soldiers to New Amsterdam The Dutch gave it up without a fight
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New York and New Jersey New Jersey Pennsylvania, & Maryland In 1655 it was taken over by the Dutch New York is named in 1664 New Jersey is settled in 1664 Puritans and Scots in the East English and Quakers settled the west
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Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn Quaker Religion Sought “inner light” No clergy Men and women spiritually equal
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