1. High Middle Ages
Mr. Stikes

2. SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics.
b. Describe the political impact of Christianity; include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV of Germany (Holy Roman Emperor).

3. Important Figures Pope Gregory VII: (1073-1085) - Pope
King Henry IV: ( )
King of Holy Roman Empire

4. The Church and Politics
How did the church influence politics?” Best example:
“Lay Investiture” Controversy ( )
Lay Investiture: Lay (non-church) leaders [kings] wanted to appoint clergy (church) leaders [bishops]

5. “Lay Investiture” Controversy (1074-1122)
Pope Gregory VII bans lay investiture (meaning on he could appoint bishops) – King Henry IV of Holy Roman Empire does not want to give up this power

6. “Lay Investiture” Controversy (1074-1122)
Gregory VII threatens to excommunicate Henry. Henry tried to “depose” the pope (take him out of office)
Pope tells Henry’s vassals they no longer have to listen to him
Henry’s lords rebel & defeat him at Canossa (1077)

7. “Lay Investiture” Controversy (1074-1122)
Ends with Concordat of Worms (1122)
Emperor lost the right to appoint bishops while retaining the right to grant them land and secular political power
Long Term Results:
Political destabilization in central Europe until 1870’s
Germany and Italy not unified, unlike France and England

8. Height of Medieval Papal Power
Innocent III ( )
Goal: unite all of Christendom under papal rule to able to bring right order to the world
How? Crusades against heretics and to the Middle East

9. SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics.
c. Explain the role of the church in medieval society.

10. The Role of the Church
Christians throughout Western Europe recognized the Pope as the supreme spiritual leader.
Pope could provide legitimacy to a leader:
ex. – crowning of Charlemagne
In return, leaders provided military support
ex. - Donation of Pepin – Holy Roman Empire will protect Rome

11. So… Secular leaders provided military strength
in exchange for
Recognition of Papal (i.e. God’s) support

12. Problems in Europe
9th and 10th centuries: Viking invasions leaves a power vacuum – the Church is the sole unified power throughout Europe

13. Problems in Europe Problems with the church: Illiterate parish priests
Bishops appointed by kings – often immoral

14. Reforms in Europe Monasticism:
Tradition of Christians living outside the world began in Egypt (hermits)
Gradually, monasteries developed.
Important…
Monasteries: Cluny
Orders: Franciscans, Dominicans
Reformers: Francis of Assisi - ( ) preached a life of total poverty, charity and good works, and love for all; became one of the largest and most powerful of the monastic orders

15. Reforms in Europe Inquisition: Popular Movements:
Founded by Pope Gregory IX in 1232 to root out heresy – became misused
Popular Movements:
Albigensians: who rejected the leadership of the Church and marriage, all forms of materialism, and cooperation with the state
Waldensians: founded by Peter Waldo, who preached poverty, a strict moral life, and the use of the vernacular language

16. SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics.
d. Describe how increasing trade led to the growth of towns and cities.

17. High Middle Ages in Europe: A.D. 1050-1300
Agriculture increased
Reasons:
End of invasions from Eastern Europe/Asia
Cultivation/clearing of new land
Spread of new techniques and technology (crop rotation, metal plow, horse collar)
Use of wind and water mills to provide power

18. High Middle Ages in Europe: A.D. 1050-1300
Increase in food
Population growth
Revival of trade, rise of towns
(remember, excess food usually leads to technological innovation)

19. High Middle Ages in Europe: A.D. 1050-1300
Revival of trade
Reasons:
Surplus food allows for specialization
Crusades encourage trade from Italy to Middle East/Constantinople
Cities like Pisa, Genoa, Milan and Venice take lead
Europeans want luxury goods like spices, silks
Stable government in Kievan Rus (Russia…remember?) allows for trade to N. Europe
Sea trade via Baltic Sea, rivers, Black Sea

20. High Middle Ages in Europe: A.D. 1050-1300
Revival of trade
Results:
Rise of money economy in Europe (Why?)
Beginning of banking system

21. High Middle Ages in Europe: A.D. 1050-1300
Rise of cities
Reasons:
Excess food supplies
Increased Trade

22. High Middle Ages in Europe: A.D. 1050-1300
Rise of cities
Results:
Rise of a middle class
Had no place in feudal system
Master artisans, merchants
Belief in individual initiative
Began to demand role in government

23. High Middle Ages in Europe: A.D. 1050-1300
Rise of cities
Results:
Rise of Guilds
Guild: “medieval business association of merchants or crafts workers”
Purpose: control price, quality
Levels of skill: apprentice, journeyman, master

24. High Middle Ages in Europe: A.D. 1050-1300
Rise of cities
Results:
Freedom
Outside feudal system, serfs could become free and advance in cities
Money allowed large building projects and provided protection

25. Assignment Create a study guide including the following:
Crusades: Why do they matter?
Gregory VII
Henry IV (HRE)
Lay Investiture
Concordat of Worms
Relationship between church and politics
2 Problems with the Medieval church
3 Reforms of the Medieval church
How agriculture revived trade, which in turn led to the rise of cities.