1. The Great Schism
AP Euro 2.1

2. The Standoff Pope Boniface VIII
In 1300, the Church of the High Middle Ages, centralized in the Papacy, was at its strongest.
Clericis Laicos
Kings can’t tax the clergy
Kings need papal support for using funds garnished from the church
Pope Boniface VIII

3. NO! Edward I of England Philip IV “The Fair” of France
And what you gonna
do about it Boni Boy?
NO!
Edward I of England
Philip IV “The Fair”
of France

4. I’m bringing the Bull!
“Unam Sanctum” 1302
Papal Bull
Most extreme of all assertions of Papal supremacy
"Let no one persuade you that you have no superior or that you are not subject to the head of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, for he is a fool who so thinks."

5. More UNUM SANCTUM Philip IV's response?
“Every human creature was subject to the Roman Pontiff (Pope)
Two swords
spiritual and temporal
Only one sword rules…the pope
Philip IV's response?

6. What’s a King to do??? Accuses the Pope of being the devil
Send 2000 mercenaries to kill him
Boniface VIII is captured, then released
dies of “extreme chagrin” month later
diminishes power of Pope and raises Philip IV

7. Babylonian Captivity (1303-1417)
The death of Boniface VIII brought about the election of a Pope who was subservient to Phillip the Fair
New Pope Clement V, took his residence in the French border city of Avignon
The rest of Europe regarded the Popes at Avignon as tools of France
Popes began to live a more extravagant lifestyle
next 5 popes are all French
Pope’s palace in Avignon

8. Great Schism of the West
In 1378 Pope Gregory XI dies while in Rome
Romans demand Pope be chosen while cardinals are in Rome
Choose Urban VI
an Italian who decides to stay in Rome
temper begins to shock cardinals

9. What to do when you don’t like your pick?
Just pick another Pope!

10. Two Popes Key Point: all of this was occurring in
Urban VI
elected by the Cardinals
Based in Rome
excommunicates Clement VII
Recognized by:
England
Holy Roman Empire
Italy
Clement VII
elected by the same Cardinals
based in Avignon, France
excommunicates Urban VI
Recognized by:
France
Aragon / Castile (Spain)
Scotland
Key Point: all of this was occurring in
the same generation as the plague

11. What’s better than two popes?
Both die and each side elects a new pope
Cardinals on both sides get together in 1409 to resolve the issue….instead.
They choose another pope!
Yes, three popes at once!

12. Jon Wyclif (1380)
The true Church could do without elaborate possessions
own no land
An organized Church might not be necessary for salvation.
Lollards
movement based on Wyclif ideas
wanted reform of western church
religious power came from piety, not church hierarchy
Translated the Bible into English
Disgusted in the schism
people sent out to sway opinion for papal support

13. John Hus Led a nationalistic religious movement in Bohemia
Similar to Wycliff
Bible is a higher authority than the Pope

14. Conciliar Movement
Movement to solve issues by gathering church leaders
Hoped to diminish the power of the Pope
Create a council to rule with the Pope
1450 movement ends with Papacy still in tact

15. Council of Constance
People tired of the bickering and infighting between the THREE Popes
just want some spiritual leadership and guidance
stop the spread of heresy!!
Elect Martin V Pope
others resigned
John Hus
accused of heresy
burnt at the stake

16. Simony, Nepotism, Pluralism
Church continues to be corrupted by money and privileges:
Simony
To buy or sell a Church office
Nepotism
To give lucrative Church positions to family
Pluralism
To hold more than one Church position at a time