1. DO NOW: READ THE SECTION ON POSTWAR PREJUDICE. UNDERLINE 3 FACTS THAT LEAD YOU TO BELIEVE THAT ANTI-CATHOLIC SENTIMENTS EXISTED Chapter 16 – Lesson 2

2. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 2 Concept: How did the Catholic Church grow in a diverse nation? Plenary Council: a council to be attended by all the countries’ bishops Questions: 1. What was the goal of the Third Plenary Council in 1884? 2. Why did Pope Pius XI negotiate treaties with Mussolini & Hitler? How & Why did this change in 1937?

3. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 2 After World War II, The Iron Curtain Falls Across Europe  On December 7, 1941 the US entered into war with Japan.  On December 11, Germany & Italy declared war on the US.  Pope Pius XII led the Church through WW II which claimed 40 million lives.  Archbishop Francis Cardinal Spellman of NY was appointed by the Pope as archbishop of military services.  After WW II much of Europe lay in ruins and the “Iron Curtain divided the continent of Europe.  Western Europe was free and Eastern Europe was communist.

4. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 2  Germany was divided - the west was free and the east was communist.  Catholics in politics hoped to bring the messages of “Rerum Novarum” and “Quadragesimo Anno.”  Western Europe worked to improve conditions of workers and to provide housing and medical care.  Eastern European Catholics were subjected to persecution.  Schools and churches were closed, priest, bishops, and cardinals were convicted of treason and imprisoned.  Catholics who proclaimed their faith were banned from good jobs, good schools, and public life.

5. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 2 The Second Vatican Council Renews the Church Pope John XXIII convened the 21 st Ecumenical council. Aggiornamento (bringing up to date) is the term he used to explain the purpose for the council. He wanted bishops to communicate the unchanging truths of scripture to people in the modern world. (Us) The Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) met from 1962-1965, in Rome, and was the largest council ever convened. When Pope John XXIII died, Pope Paul VI continued his work. The council ended in 1965 and as a result, 16 documents or constitutions were issued. Pope John XXIII issued 2 encyclicals: (letters to bishops)

6. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 2 Pope John XXIII’s Encyclicals 1. Mater et Magistra (“Mother and Teacher”) – Pope John XXIII discussed the teachings of Pope Leo XIII’s Rerum Novarum (of new things) in the context of the modern world. (Theme of Social Justice) 2. Pacem in Terris (“Peace on Earth”) – Pope John XXIII spoke of establishing universal world peace in truth, justice, charity, and liberty. These encyclicals expanded the work of Rerum Novarum and Quadragesimo Anno, from the rights of workers in an industrial society, to calling on wealthy societies to aid developing ones.