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FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47)

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1 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47)

2 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor

3 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor

4 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor

5 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor

6 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45)

7 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine

8 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil

9 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil

10 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil

11 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67)

12 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67)

13 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

14 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

15 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

16 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

17 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Rapid expansion of Ottomans throughout Asia Minor & into Europe relying on : Excellent army using gunpowder & elite slave regiment, Janissaries Relig. status as ghazis & rulers of Islam’s holy places at Mecca & Medina Central geogr. position for trade b/w Asia & Eur. Strong sultans & professional bureaucrats Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

18 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Rapid expansion of Ottomans throughout Asia Minor & into Europe relying on : Excellent army using gunpowder & elite slave regiment, Janissaries Relig. status as ghazis & rulers of Islam’s holy places at Mecca & Medina Central geogr. position for trade b/w Asia & Eur. Strong sultans & professional bureaucrats Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

19 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Rapid expansion of Ottomans throughout Asia Minor & into Europe relying on : Excellent army using gunpowder & elite slave regiment, Janissaries Relig. status as ghazis & rulers of Islam’s holy places at Mecca & Medina Central geogr. position for trade b/w Asia & Eur. Strong sultans & professional bureaucrats Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

20 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Rapid expansion of Ottomans throughout Asia Minor & into Europe relying on : Excellent army using gunpowder & elite slave regiment, Janissaries Relig. status as ghazis & rulers of Islam’s holy places at Mecca & Medina Central geogr. position for trade b/w Asia & Eur. Strong sultans & professional bureaucrats Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

21 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Rapid expansion of Ottomans throughout Asia Minor & into Europe relying on : Excellent army using gunpowder & elite slave regiment, Janissaries Relig. status as ghazis & rulers of Islam’s holy places at Mecca & Medina Central geogr. position for trade b/w Asia & Eur. Strong sultans & professional bureaucrats Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

22 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Rapid expansion of Ottomans throughout Asia Minor & into Europe relying on : Excellent army using gunpowder & elite slave regiment, Janissaries Relig. status as ghazis & rulers of Islam’s holy places at Mecca & Medina Central geogr. position for trade b/w Asia & Eur. Strong sultans & professional bureaucrats Ottoman Emp. controls Middle East, N. Africa, Balkans, & Constantinople (Modern Istanbul) Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

23 FC.48 THE SELJUK AND OTTOMAN TURKS (c.1000-1565 C.E.) Long decline after Suleiman the Magnificent’s death in 1565 (FC.49) Adopt Sunnite over Shi’ite Islam like Franks adopt Catholic over Arian Chr. Rise of Seljuk Turks which is much like that of the Franks : Enter Arab empire as mercenaries like Franks entered Roman Empire Arabs settle down & become more civilized, but also less warlike (FC.47) Seljuks revive as Sultanate of Iconium in 1100s) Caliph makes Seljuk ruler sultan like pope made Charlemagne emperor Byzantine decline (FC.45) Sunnite- Shi’te split (FC.46) Seljuks take most of Asia Minor from Byz’s  Next take Palestine Seljuks attack Shi’ites in Egypt  Shi’ite Assassins kill Seljuk Sultan (1092) Turks, like the Franks, split land b/w sons  Civil turmoil 1st Crusade able to take Palestine (FC.67) RISE OF OTTOMAN STATE IN ASIA MINOR UNDER GHAZI LEADER, OSMAN (1326-1565) Attracts more warriors to their standard Growing success vs. Byz’s & other Muslims Rapid expansion of Ottomans throughout Asia Minor & into Europe relying on : Excellent army using gunpowder & elite slave regiment, Janissaries Relig. status as ghazis & rulers of Islam’s holy places at Mecca & Medina Central geogr. position for trade b/w Asia & Eur. Strong sultans & professional bureaucrats Ottoman Emp. controls Middle East, N. Africa, Balkans, & Constantinople (Modern Istanbul) Until Mongol invasion (1245) unleashes wild Turkish ghazis (holy warriors)  Raid both Byz. & Seljuk lands

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