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Medieval Period 500CE-1500CE
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1. 1,100 2. 1,500 3. 4,000 4. 400 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627
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1. Asia 2. Rome 3. Europe 4. Italy 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627
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1. Roman Empire, modern times 2. Prehistoric times, modern times 3. Roman Empire, Renaissance 4. Prehistoric times, Renaissance 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627
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1. True 2. False 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627
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1. Coliseums 2. Castles 3. Knights 4. Tournaments 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627
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Wars Taxes Diseases
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Overrun the West Cities fall Populations shift to rural areas for food Trade disrupted No common language Decrease in literacy and learning Church provided safety and order Germanic people life: small communities, led by chiefs, no respect for king (no taxes)
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Clovis: Frankish Leader of Gaul (France) United a Kingdom & Spread Christianity Germanic people converted Monasteries- monks lived w/o possessions to serve God Convents- nuns also followed this life Became best educated communities
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Charlemagne- inherits kingdom around 800 CE Conquests reunite West into empire Crowned “emperor” by crushing attack on Pope Signified union of Germanic power & Church He spreads Christianity & establishes central government Limits noble’s authority, ruled justly
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Supports learning and culture Opened palace schools Multilingual (English, German, Italian, Spanish) Son (Louis the Pious) left 3 heirs/ all faught ▪ Ended with Treaty of Verdun- divided land by 3
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Muslims enter into Spain and Sicily Bring science and math Christians fear the invasions
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Lords owned land where peasants worked.
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Based on land exchange for protection and services (mutual obligations) Kings, Nobles, Clergy, Knights, Peasants Social Class inherited Determines prestige and power
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King gave land to Lords Lords give land (fiefs) to vassals (lower lords) ▪ Vassals promise loyalty and service to lords ▪ Peasants (serfs) worked on manors (estates) Knights- mounted warriors to protect lands
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Manor- lord’s estate Economic side of Feudalism Lord gives serfs land, shelter, protection in exchange for work Peasants: self-sufficient community Peasants pay high taxes & live harsh life Tax on grain and marriage Marriages approved by lords Had to tithe- 1/10 th of earnings Small 1 room cottages Accepted their place in society based on bible
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Holy Roman Empire
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Different ranks of religious officials Allowed shared religious beliefs to unify Sacraments- important religious ceremonies Cannon Law- law of Church (guides conduct)
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German-Italian Empire King Otto I (Otto the Great) Forms alliance with church Most effective ruler, invades Italy for Pope Italians resent his rule/ Pope fears his power
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Pope & Emperor clash Clash of choosing clergy Lay investiture- ceremony where king appoints clergy ▪ 1075 CE Pope Gregory VII bans it ▪ Henry IV – “not pope, but false monk” ▪ Excommunicated- removed from church Compromise reached/ German power declines Concordant of Worms- church right, emperor veto Power struggles within Church + Empire split feudal states
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Church power weakened by: Clergy Marriages Simony- positions in Church sold by bishops Secular- worldly (non religious) king leads Church was restructured to resemble a kingdom Extended Pope’s power & Church Authority New religious orders revitalize the Church
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Cities of God Gothic- style of architecture from Goth tribes Tall, light and used stain glass Replace Romanesque Style Built all over Europe 1170-1270
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