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Published byJeffrey Clarke Modified over 9 years ago
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Problems and Challenges of Late Middle Age Christendom
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French King (Philip the Fair) convinces Pope to move to Avignon Popes concentrated on administrative (not spiritual) matters Lived a life of luxury
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Gregory XI returns the Church to Rome Death leads to the election of an Italian, Urban VI Heavy-handed ways leads to a revolt by cardinals.
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Cardinals elect Clement VII (French) & excommunicate Urban VI Clement sets up in Avignon; Urban remains in Rome
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Allied with ClementAllied with Urban France Scotland Aragon Castile Portugal England Holy Roman Empire (loose) Italian city-states (move to Clement)
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The Schism confused lay people Opened the Church up to criticism Weakened its hold on the people
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William of Occam Marsiglio of Padua John Wyclif Jan Hus
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Both argue ◦ Separation of church and state ◦ Pope should have limited powers ◦ Church take a back-seat to state Conciliarists ◦ Power in hands of council, not pope alone
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Bible was the ultimate authority; not pope Translated Bible to English “Lollards” spread ideas and Bibles
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Criticized indulgences Preached in Czech language in Bohemia Increased Czech nationalism, forced a separation from Catholic church
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Attempt to heal schism Elect a new pope, but other two do not leave ◦ Three popes!!!!
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Meet to: ◦ End schism ◦ Reform church ◦ End heresy Execute Hus End schism by electing new pope (Martin V)
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Confraternities ◦ Groups of lay people who took on the functions of the church Mysticism ◦ Intense religious feelings ◦ Visions, “experiencing God”, the Holy Spirit, “Born Again”
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