1. Royal Power Grows
Section 8-1 pp

2. Preview Questions
How did monarchs gain power over nobles and the Church?
What traditions of government developed under John and later English monarchs?
How did strong monarchs succeed in unifying France?

3. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church
Nobles and the Church each had their own land, taxes, and courts.
Monarchs attempted to gain power by:
Centralizing the government
Gaining support from the middle class

4. Strong Monarchs in England
The Norman Conquest (1066)
William of Normandy defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings to become King of England
Resulted in a blending of Anglo-Saxon and Norman cultures.

5. Strong Monarchs in England
Growth of Royal Power
William made nobles swear loyalty to him above all other lords.
The Domesday Book was a census used for tax purposes
The royal treasury, called an exchequer, grew

6. Strong Monarchs in England
A Unified Legal System
Henry II established common law
Based on customs and royal court rulings
Applied to all of England
Undermined power of nobles and Church
Used juries

7. Strong Monarchs in England
Conflict with the Church
Archbishop Thomas Becket didn’t support Henry II’s attempt to try clergy in royal court
Knights assassinated Becket, who was honored as a martyr
Henry II eased attempts to regulate the clergy

8. Evolving Traditions of English Government
King John I
Oppressive and cruel ruler
Lost English lands to French King Phillip II
Excommunicated by Pope Innocent III
Magna Carta (1215)
English nobles force John to sign this to affirm their rights
Main Idea: No one, even the king, is above the law

9. Evolving Traditions of English Government
Development of Parliament
England’s legislature
Contains a House of Lords and a House of Commons
Most important power = power to approve taxes

10. Successful Monarchs in France
The Capetians
Hugh Capet was chosen as King of France in 987
He increased the power of the monarchy
Hereditary rule
Pitted nobles against each other
Gained support of Church and middle class
Established strong bureaucracy

11. Successful Monarchs in France
Philip Augustus
Gave royal jobs to middle class members who were paid
Expanded landholdings of the monarchy
Louis IX
Model ruler
Made a saint

12. Successful Monarchs in France
Philip IV
Clashed with Pope Boniface over taxing clergy
Arrested the pope – he later died
New pope was a Frenchman who moved the papacy to Avignon
The Estates General
Representative body from nobles, clergy, and townspeople
Had less power than English Parliament