1. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT

2. LITERATURE  1820-1880 = “GOLDEN AGE”  Dominated by Romanticism & esp. Realism  Greatest writer of 1 st half of century = ALEXANDER PUSHKIN Brilliant, socially conscious writer Standardized Russian literary language Transformed writing into profession Greatest works = Evgenii Onegin, The Bronze Horseman

3. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT LITERATURE  1820-1880 = “GOLDEN AGE”  After 1830s, prose became predominant literary form  Greatest Realist prose writer of period = NIKOLAI GOGOL tremendous influence on development of Russian lit. great works = Inspector General, Dead Souls  Development of LITERARY CRITICISM Herzen Belinsky

4. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT LITERATURE  1820-1880 = “GOLDEN AGE”  2 nd half of 19 th century: literature imbued with social message NIKOLAI CHERNYASHEVSKY: What is to Be Done  Emergence of literary giants IVAN TURGENEV: Fathers & Sons, Nest of the Gentry FEDOR DOSTOEVSKY: Crime & Punishment, Brothers Karamazov LEV TOLSTOY: War and Peace, Anna Karenina

5. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT LITERATURE  End of 19 th /beginning of 20 th century  Other influential writers emerged ANTON CHEKOV: The Cherry Orchard, Uncle Vanya MAXIM GORKY: Mother, The Lower Depths (Socialist Realism)  SILVER AGE: Symbolism, Acmeism, Futurism ALEXANDER BLOK, ANDREI BELY, OSIP MANDELSTAM, ANNA AKHMATOVA, VLADIMIR MAIAKOVSKY

6. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT ARCHITECTURE  1 st half of 19 th century  Neo-Classicism KAZAN CATHEDRAL, ST. PETERSBURG ADMIRALTY, ST. PETERSBURG ST. ISAAK’S CATHEDRAL, ST. PETERSBURG BOLSHOI THEATER, MOSCOW

7. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT ARCHITECTURE  1 st half of 19 th century  Neo-Classicism  2 nd half of 19 th century  New styles combining Russian & western influences  Art Nouveau CATHEDRAL OF THE SAVIOR ON SPLIT BLOOD, ST. PETERSBURG STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM, MOSCOW RIABUSHINSKY (GORKY) HOUSE, MOSCOW

8. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT ART  1 st half of 19 th century  Neo-Classicism  Romanticism  Romantic Realism A.IVANOV, CHRIST APPEARING BEFORE THE PEOPLE P. FEDOTOV, PORTRAIT OF A. P. ZHDANOVICH P. FEDOTOV, NEWLY DECORATED OFFICIAL A. VENETSIANOV, HERDER BOY A. VENETSIANOV, THE REAPERS K. BRULOV, LAST DAYS OF POMPEI

9. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT ART  1 st half of 19 th century  Neo-Classicism  Romanticism  Romantic Realism  2 nd half of 19 th century  Realism ITINERANTS SCHOOL V. PEROV, EASTER PROCESSION IN THE VILLAGE I. KRAMSKOI, PORTRAIT OF AN OLD PEASANT V. SURIKOV, MORNING OF THE EXECUTION OF THE STRELTSY I. REPIN, COSSACKS DRAFTING A LETTER TO THE SULTAN I. REPIN, IVAN THE TERRIBLE & HIS SON

10. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT ART  1 st half of 19 th century  Neo-Classicism  Romanticism  Romantic Realism  2 nd half of 19 th century  Realism ITINERANTS SCHOOL  New themes  WORLD OF ART Movement V. SEROV, THE RAPE OF EUROPA M. VRUBEL, SEATED DEMON N. GONCHAROVA, BIRTH OF CHRIST M. CHAGALL, I & THE VILLAGE

11. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT SCIENCE & SCHOLARSHIP  1 st half of 19 th century  Expansion of higher education  2 nd half of 19 th century  Mathematics SOPHIA KOVALEVSKAIA  Chemistry DMITRI MENDELEEV  Physics (Electricity & Magnetism  PAVEL YABLOCHKOV  ALEXANDER POPOV

12. 19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT SCIENCE & SCHOLARSHIP  2 nd half of 19 th century  Biological sciences VLADIMIR KOVALEVSKY  Medicine NIKOLAI PIRAGOV  Psychology & Physiology  IVAN PAVLOV