1. Medieval Cathedrals

2. Romanesque

3. Use of the barrel vault which allowed for a taller church Few windows Begin to use stained glass Always cruciform in shape; with transept about ¾ of way down the nave Addition of side aisles to facilitate traffic Stone roofs replace earlier wooden roofs Increasing importance of entrance at the west end Use of towers at west end or above transepts; sometimes domes above transept (popular in Italy)

4. Ely Cathedral, England

5. Pisa, Italy

6. Pisa with the Leaning Tower

8. Barrel Vault – San Miniato, Italy

9. Ely, the Nave

10. Gothic

11. The Pointed Arch Lyon, France Allows for a taller, but narrow, building

12. Chartres, France

13. Chartres

14. Chartres – cruciform in shape

15. Notre Dame, Paris

18. Westminster Abbey, London

19. Sainte Chapelle, Paris

20. Perpendicular Gothic Not as tall Longer Transept often crosses at middle of church Frequently has a tower where transept and nave cross Popular in England

21. York Minster

23. Salisbury Cathedral, England

24. Gloucester, England

25. Fan Vaulting at Bath Abbey, England

26. Flying Buttresses Flying buttresses were external supports which took some of the weight off of the walls and allowed for a taller building

27. Notre Dame

28. Chartres

30. The nave is the main area of the church where the congregation gathers for Mass Notre Dame, Paris

31. York Minster, England

32. The Choir In cathedrals which had a monastery, the choir was where the monks or nuns sat to celebrate the Liturgy of the Hours

33. Westminster Abbey

34. Canterbury

35. The Sanctuary The area of the church where the liturgy takes place. Includes the main altar, the lectern, and the Presider's chair

36. Notre Dame

37. Westminster Abbey – the Main Altar with the reredos

38. Reredos A screen behind the altar that makes the altar the focal point of the church

40. The Rood Screen Also called the iconostasis A screen that divides the nave from the sanctuary Medieval Catholics believed the Mass was a holy mystery – something we were not worthy to view or to take part in

41. York Minister

42. Segovia

43. St. Mary’s, Barking, England

44. Portal From Latin for “door” The main door of most Medieval churches was the West Portal Frequently a painting or carving the Last Judgment was above the door

45. Notre Dame, West Portal

46. Stained Glass Stained glass first appeared in church windows around 600 AD Common by 800 Medieval churches wanted lots of glass to let light in – light represented the presence of God (Jesus as “Light of the World”) Stained glass pictures were considered to the “poor man’s Bible” – telling Biblical stories or the lives of the saints

47. Rose Window - Chartres

48. Chartres

49. Notre Dame

50. Sainte-Chapelle

51. Crypt The basement of a large church or cathedral Sometimes contains chapels Medieval crypts were often burial places

52. Crypt – Canterbury Cathedral

53. Mont St Michel, France

54. The Mass