1. Chapter Ten High Middle Ages: The Search for Synthesis
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Culture and Values, 6th Ed.
Cunningham and Reich

3. The Significance of Paris
Center of Western civilization ( )
Gothic architecture
Scholasticism
The University
Distinct cultural expression
Classical texts
Judeo-Christian worldview
Religious reforms

4. The Gothic Style: Saint Denis
Abbot Suger ( )
Saint Denis and Charlemagne
Pilgrimage destination
Lendit
Hagia Sophia, Temple of Solomon
Choir, double ambulatory
Defining Gothic
Gothic vs. Romanesque

7. The Mysticism of Light Luminous quality of the Gothic
Suger’s “theology of beauty”
Neo-Platonic philosophy, purity of light
Stained glass windows
Lux Nova
…vs. Byzantine mosaics
“Bible of the Poor”

9. To Teach and Edify Learning, wisdom, and God
Collaboration of builders, theologians
History of salvation in decoration
Gargoyles

12. Many Meanings of the Gothic Cathedral
Social functions
“Cathedral Square”
Church courts / civil courts
Horarium
Economic impact
Pilgrimages, trade fairs, feast days
Prestigious donations by guilds

15. Many Meanings of the Gothic Cathedral
Motivation to build
Actual design and construction
Villard de Honnecourt’s notebook
Combination of human knowledge and religious faith
Pilgrim as central metaphor

16. Music: The School of Notre Dame
Musical notation
Guido di Arezzo
Polyphony of organum
Secular music
Troubadours, trouvères, minnesingers
Léonin’s Magnus Liber Organi
Pérotin and counterpoint
The Motet

17. Scholasticism: The Rise of the Universities
Demand for an educated class
Support for socioeconomic structures
Intellectual and cultural needs
Ancient texts (Aristotle)
Relationships with Arab scholars
Renaissance of legal studies
Dialectics
Peter Abelard
Scholasticism

19. Scholasticism: The Rise of the Universities
University of Paris
William of Champeaux ( )
Peter Abelard ( )
Universitas
Magistri / doctors
Art vs. Theology
Student financial assistance
Curriculum and instruction

20. Scholasticism: The Rise of the Universities
Student culture and lifestyles
Saint Golias
Goliardic Verse
Carmina Burana
Women not admitted to universities
Educated by private tutors or in convents
Few exceptions to the rule (Italy, Germany)

21. Francis of Assisi Mendicant brotherhood Humanity of Christ
Life of total poverty, mobility
Humanity of Christ
Literal interpretation of the Gospels
Stigmata
Goodness of God’s creation
Concern for all creatures
Affective and emotional religion

23. Thomas Aquinas (1225?-1274) Intellectual and mystic
“Master of the Sacred Page”
Sought to harmonize reason and revelation
Fideism vs. Rationalism
Summa Theologica
Intellectual tradition of Aristotle
Hierarchical, synthetic worldview

25. Dante’s Divine Comedy Influenced by intellectualism from Paris
Hierarchical, synthetic religious humanism
Wide array of publications
The Comedy of Dante Alighieri…
Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso
Organization
Terza Rima
Encyclopedic and complex

27. Symbolism in The Divine Comedy
Journey
Vergil, Beatrice
Numbers
Multiples of three, Trinity
Punishments and Blessings
Satan
Light and Darkness
Intellectual estrangement from God

30. Chapter Ten: Discussion Questions
Consider the pilgrimage both as a metaphorical and literal journey. What role did the pilgrimage play during the Middle Ages?
What specific qualities are present in Gothic architecture that are not present in the Romanesque? What is the symbolic message inherent in each architectural style?
Explain the “hierarchical and synthetic” natures of the Gothic cathedral, Aquinas’ Summa Theologica, and Dante’s Divine Comedy. In what ways are they hierarchical? What is being synthesized in these artistic and intellectual examples? In what ways is this a commentary on the patterns of thought during the Middle Ages?