2. Rise Of European Nations (1000-1600) I.Intro II.England A.William (1066-87) B.Henry II (1154-89) C.Others III.France A.Louis IX (1226-70) B.War (1337-1443) IV.Russia A.Background B.Two Czars Key Terms William the Conqueror Domesday Book King John Magna Carta Hundred Years War Joan of Arc Ivan III Kremlin Ivan IV

3. William The Conqueror (r. 1066-1087) 1.Successfully invaded England (from France) and became king of England. 2.All the land and wealth of England was surveyed in the Domesday Book. 3.Created the “Small Council” which evolved into… Parliament!

4. William “The Conqueror” Was From Normandy

5. Henry II (r. 1154-1189) 2.Established judicial system based on “Twelve Good Men” enforced by nobles. 3.Result: A judicial system based on Common Law because precedents from local cases were followed. 1.Expanded England’s territory to include western France (ruled more of France than French king).

6. Tomb Of Henry II (Located in an abbey in Anjou, France)

7. Unsuccessful English King Nobility forced him to accept the Magna Carta. King John

8. Magna Carta (1215) Remains the cornerstone of English law & their constitution Replica on display at US Capital

9. French King 1.Known for his Christian faith 2.Established & maintained French justice system; Commissioned the Establishments: a set of ordinances & customs designed to guide judges. 3.Sought peace with Christians (England & Spain). Louis IX (1226-1270) 4.Waged wars against Muslims & led several Crusades Granted sainthood in 1297!

10. Louis IX During 8 th ? Crusade Louis was captured in Al- Mansoura in Egypt; Dr. Hamdy Helal’s home town. “Judges House”- where he was kept Louis’ cell was located on 2 nd floor; less ranking prisoners in smaller rooms

11. Hundred Years War (1337-1443) War fought between England & France Why: King of France died with out an heir & England’s Edward III tried to assert authority France eventually won & England lost its power on European continent Edward III King of England

12. Joan of Arc (1412-1431) A young, French peasant girl. She led French troops to many victories. She was captured and executed by the English. French Hero

13. Russia: Background From 1200s to late 1400s Russia was dominated by the Mongol Empire.

14. Russian Leaders United Russian principalities & expelled Mongols from Russia. Expanded Russian territory by uniting Moscow, Novgorod & Northern territories. Founder of modern Russian state. Ivan III (The Great) (r. 1462-1505)

15. The Kremlin = Fortress In 1056 the first walls were built; in 1367 it was re-built with stone. The Czars lived & conducted business there. It also contained cathedrals.

16. Czar Cannon: World’s Largest (Never been used)

17. Czar Bell: World’s Largest (Never been rung)

18. Assumption Cathedral-1479 (Where Czars were crowned; Napoleon kept horses here)

19. Archangel Cathedral-1508 (Czars were buried here)

20. Annunciation Cathedral-1489 (Czars were baptized & married here)

21. Another Russian Leader (Grandson of Ivan the Great) Italian architects rebuilt Kremlin walls (red brick) & shows Italian influence Spasskaya Tower

22. Another Russian Leader (Grandson of Ivan the Great) Called Moscow the 3rd Rome; he was the first Czar. Brutally suppressed conspiracies associated with boyars (nobility). Expanded Russian territory Southward to Caspian & Black Sea. Ivan IV (The Terrible) (r. 1547-1584)

23. Rise Of European Nations (1000-1600) I.Intro II.England A.William (1066-87) B.Henry II (1154-89) C.Others III.France A.Louis IX (1226-70) IV.Russia A.Background B.Two Czars Key Terms William the Conqueror Domesday Book King John Magna Carta Ivan III Kremlin Ivan IV