1. Chapter 17 ROMANESQUE ART Western Europe 1050-1200

2. “Build it (block by block) and they will come”
Build it: Churches
Block by block: stone, vaults, “blocky”
They will come: pilgrimages (scale, design, location)

3. Romanesque Stylistic Characteristics
Large Scale Architecture and Sculpture (Pilgrimages)
Regional Diversity
Differing verticality, ceilings (vaults)
Stone (thick, solid walls)
Round arch, barrel and groin vaults
Crossing ratio
Plain exterior
Regional Romanesques
1. France St. Sernin): modular, barrel vaults
2. Lombardy, N. Italy (Sant’ Ambrogio): campanile, less verticality,
3. Normandy/England Durham Cathedral): verticality; rib vaults
4. Tuscan (Pisa complex): timber roofs, low, marble, arcades, incrustation

4. Architectural Elements
Ambulatory
Clerestory (smaller)
Radiating Chapels
Barrel vault (*majority)
Portal (and parts)
Groin vault (side aisles)
Nave, transept, side aisles
Cloister (in monastic abbey churches)
Cruciform
Crossing Square
Bays (Modules of nave/side aisles)
Gallery (tribune level)

5. St. Etienne, Vignory, France
Northern style
French Roman.
Stone masonry
Timber Roof
Fake Tribune
Abstract capitals
Radiating Chapel
1050
monpayslahauteprovence.blog50.com/art_roman/
fr.wikisource.org
de.wikipedia.org

6. St. Sernin, Toulouse, Francex U Xx xx
Groin vaults
Barrel vaults
Bay: 3D/square unit in arcade defined by vault
Gardner’s Art Through the Ages
buttresses
Modular plan:
Bay ½ crossing
Aisle ¼ crossing, etc.

7. St. Sernin, Toulouse, France
Nave Elevation
Groin Vaults
Compound piers
Transverse arch
Barrel Vaults
Tribune
Dark, no clerestory
Double aisles

8. GERMAN ROMANESQUE

9. Speyer Cathedral Compound piers Groin vaults Clerestory windows
Alternate-support system

10. Italian Romanesque – Southern

11. Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
Campaniles
Narthex
Shorter like EC basilicas
Rib Vaulting
Gardner’s Art Through the Ages
Milan’s first bishop (Saint Ambrose)
Transverse arch
vs. vaults

12. Regionalism - verticality
St. Sernin,
Toulouse, France
Sant’Ambrogio
Milan, Italy
Speyer Cathedral
Germany

13. Cathedral complex, Pisa (Tuscany)
incrustation
Transept
Crossing dome
Façade’s multiple arcaded galleries
homogeneous
Baptistery
Campanile
Cathedral
www2.art.utah.edu/cathedral/pisa_sm.html

14. St. Etienne, Caen, France Norman Romanesque* Tripartite division
Light and airy
St. Etienne, Caen, France
Norman Romanesque*
East
Tripartite division
(Division into 3’s)
Gothic
spires
Sexpartite vaults
(6 bays)
Rib vault
Sexpartite vault: rib vault divided into 6 bays: 2 diagonal ribs, 3 transverse ribs; provides support for clerestory, 3-stories, light/airy
es.rice.edu/.../Cathedrals/Exterior/facade.html
faculty.cua.edu/.../LectureTwo/SaintEtienne.htm
buttresses

15. Durham Cathedral, England
Long, Slender (vs. modular)
1st ribbed groin vault over 3 story nave
Rib vault with slightly pointed arches
Quadrant arches
William of Normandy (Will the Conqueror) conquest of Anglo-Saxon England in 1066 (buried in St. Etienne, Caen)
Quadrant arches instead of groin vaults in tribune (influence flying buttresses of Gothic style)
vrcoll.fa.pitt.edu/.../durham-interior.html
aalto.arch.ksu.edu/.../cwatts/HDE2/durham2.html
Chevron
Diamond
Cable

16. Romanesque Sculpture, etc.

17. Cloister of Saint-Pierre, Moissac
Historiated capitals
Bestiaries
Miracles of Saint Martin Griffins
vrcoll.fa.pitt.edu/.../mois-cap62.html
Gardner’s Art Through the Ages

18. Christ in Majesty with angels and Twenty-Four Elders
Flashcard
Christ in Majesty with angels and Twenty-Four Elders
Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France.
Tympanum
Gardner’s Art Through the Ages instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../

19. Gislebertus, Last Judgment
Flashcard
Gislebertus, Last Judgment
Weighing of the souls
Eve, N. Side

20. Moralia in Job, Initial R with knight fighting a dragon
Flashcard
Moralia in Job, Initial R with knight fighting a dragon
instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../

21. Morgan Madonna Flashcard Throne of wisdom
instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../

22. Flashcard Bayeux Tapestry Funeral procession to Westminster Abbey
Norman Cavalry Charging
Battle of Hastings
instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../