1. St.-Martin-des-Champs, Paris, 1130s Clues in smaller churches in the Ile-de-France Wall buttresses that anticipate flying Gothic buttress: narrow but deep high placing in relation to vault springings Choir of St.-Denis – first flying buttresses? reconstruction of the 1140-44 upper stories

2. Clues in smaller churches in the Ile-de-France St.-Martin-des-Champs, 1130s Choir of St.-Denis – ring of light

3. Wilson: Basic principle of Gothic aesthetics derive from the pointed arch – unity through increasing the number and reducing the autonomy of the elements of design

4. Île de la Cité in Paris – home to cathedral and royal palace

5. Nôtre-Dame, Paris b. 1150-55, nave 1170-80, extensive rebuilding in 1220s, transept 1240s-50s façade 1200-45

6. Political map of France, 1154Île-de-France region (the royal domain)

7. Laon Cathedral, France, late 1150s to 1205, choir 1215, façade 1190-5 façade 1190-95

8. Original plans of Nôtre-Dame and Laon Cathedral Nôtre-DameLaon Cathedral

9. Nôtre-Dame Avg. Gothic cathedral Laon Nôtre-Dame – 5 aisle basilica

10. Nôtre-Dame – original 4-level nave elevation

11. Nôtre-Dame – illumination

12. original plan addition of chapels 1225-30 Nôtre-Dame

13. columnar piers + sexpartite vaulting Nôtre-Dame, Paris Nave

14. Nôtre-Dame, Paris ChoirDetail of nave elevation at the gallery level

15. Nôtre-Dame, Paris Detail of choir with old nave elevation (rebuilt in the 19 th century) and 1220s nave elevation

16. Nôtre-Dame, Paris as considerably rebuilt with 3-part nave elevation and larger clerestory original nave (1155) and buttressing (1180) including flyers windows and new flying buttresses in the 1220s

17. Cathedral of Laon, 1155-1205 commissioned by duke and bishop Gautier de Mortagne (bishop 1155-74)

18. Laon Cathedral, France, late 1150s to 1205, choir 1215, façade 1190-5 façade 1190-95

19. Laon Cathedral as planned as built

21. as planned in 1155 Laon CathedralTournai Cathedral, Belgium Romanesque nave and transept early-mid 12 th century Gothic choir, 1243-45

22. Laon Cathedral

23. Laon Cathedral – crossing and transept

24. Laon Cathedral – transept chapels with polygonal apse main apse originally semi-circular north transept chapel (Lady Chapel)

25. Laon Cathedral – chapels with polygonal apse semi-circular apse north transept chapel (Lady Chapel) Abbey church of St.-Remi Reims, France, 1170-80s The polygonal plan manifests a desire for simultaneous multiple images.

26. Laon Cathedral –four-part nave elevation Tournai Cathedral, Belgium Romanesque nave early-mid 12 th century

27. String courses + vault responds make a tiered grid Shafts correspond better to the different ribs of the sexpartite vaults Alternating piers (1170s) failed to relate. First inkling of the coming pilier cantonné in High Gothic. Responds are free cylinders, edge- bedded joined with stone rings (“structural honesty”) Laon Cathedral –four-part nave elevation

28. thick rubble walls allow free lathe-turned cylinders to be attached by stone rings to the walls Laon Cathedral – nave elevation

29. thick rubble walls allow free lathe-turned cylinders to be attached by stone rings to the walls Laon Cathedral – nave elevationNôtre-Dame – nave elevation

30. early flying buttresses at Laon too Laon Cathedral – nave elevation solid quadrant arch under roof of gallery buttress rises too high not to have supported flyers originally

31. Romanesque façade of St.-Denis Paris, 1137-40 Early Gothic façade of Laon Cathedral 1190-95

32. Early Gothic façade of Laon Cathedral 1190-95 Oldest full-width rose window (1175) on Laon’s north transept plate tracery

33. Early Gothic towers of Laon Cathedral facade Villard de Honnecourt’s drawing of Laon Cathedral façade towers, 1220-40s

34. Nôtre-DameLaon Cathedral

35. High Gothic Cathedrals in France

36. Richard I of England died unexpectedly in 1199 French king Phillip II conquered Normandy and Anjou starting in 1204 Prestige of the French crown grows as of 1200 1154 1200

37. Chartres Cathedral, b. 1194 Bourges Cathedral b. 1195 Gothic nave elevations 12 th -13 th century

38. Chartres Cathedral (Nôtre-Dame), Chartres, France, 1194-1221

39. Bourges Cathedral (St.-Étienne), Bourges, France, 1195-1255

40. Chartres CathedralBourges Cathedral

41. Chartres Cathedral I. A. What three architectural qualities did the new urban patrons in France want to see combined in their novel sacred spaces of Gothic cathedrals? fuller spatial unity + greater illumination + increased height