1.  MA #7 due Monday  Test on the Middle Ages Wednesday. Study!

2.  Do Now: Why was the Catholic Church such an important part of people’s lives in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?

3. Lay investiture: Emperors and kings have the right to appoint bishops, not the Church. Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor in the late 1000s) – Supports lay investiture Pope Gregory VII (reformer Pope of the late 1000s) – Tries to ban lay investiture, wants Popes to have the right to appoint bishops.

4. Gregory excommunicates Henry IV! Concordat of Worms (1122): Compromise solution. Pope now gets to choose bishops, but the King/Emperor will give the bishops land to ensure their loyalty.

5. Corruption within the Church - Bishops are becoming more interested in wealth than in spiritual matters. - Clergymen are getting married - Simony: Practice of buying and selling church offices.

6.  Rise of new religious/monastic orders like the Cistercians, Franciscans, Dominicans that live in simplicity and poverty, work actively to help the poor and convert people.  Starting in the 1100s, there was an explosion of Cathedral building in a new style called Gothic Architecture. Chartres Cathedral southwest of Paris, reconstructed in the Gothic style throughout the 1100s and 1200s

7. Heresy: Beliefs that are contrary to the teachings of the church Ex: Judaism, Islam, alternative Christian movements

8.  Inquisition: Courts that find, question, and punish heretics. If you did not confess you could face torture and execution.  Between 1100 - 1400s, Christians retake Spain (reconquista), use the Inquisition against the Muslim and Jewish populations.

9.  During the Middle Ages, the Church used both tools of hope (new monastic orders, Gothic Cathedrals) and tools of fear (the Inquisition) to expand its power. Which of these tools do you think was most effective, and why?