1. Ms. Mitchell Freshman Literature
How to Write an Essay
Ms. Mitchell
Freshman Literature

2. Table of Contents Introduction Body Paragraphs Conclusion
General Statement
Definitions
Transition Statement
Thesis
Body Paragraphs
Context
Evidence
Analysis
Conclusion

3. 1. GENERAL STATEMENT/HOOK
Introduction
BROAD
1. GENERAL STATEMENT/HOOK
2. DEFINITION(S)
3. TRANSITION STATEMENT
4. THESIS
NARROW

4. General Statement/Hook
Interesting opening remark to hook your audience and make them want to read your paper
Should be general and broad. Should not mention the text or the author.
Example: “Every culture has their own understanding of what it means to be a hero.”

5. Definitions
This is where you define any key terms your reader will need to know to understand your paper.
Why? If your paper is about why Edward Bloom is a hero, you have to define for your reader what a hero means to you for your paper to be clear.
Example: “A hero is someone who always thinks of others before himself.” (NOTE: I did not mention Edward Bloom here—I just have a generic definition.)

6. Transition Statement
This is where you mention the text and the author.
This should be getting more specific than your hook and definitions, but not be as specific as your thesis.
Example: “In Big Fish by Daniel Wallace, Edward Bloom meets the definition of a hero.

7. Thesis
This is the crux (heart) of your paper. Everything you write in the body of your paper should connect to your thesis.
A thesis statement is an opinionated statement that presents the argument of the paper.
This is an ARGUMENT that can be debated, but you are out to prove.
You want your reader to say “hmmmmm, I’ve never thought of that before! I should read more!”

8. Thesis
Example: “By routinely putting other’s happiness first, even when it means being unhappy himself, Edward Bloom acts like a hero.”
This is an opinion (not a fact) because someone could say to me: “No! That doesn’t make him a hero! That just makes him a nice guy!”
Then I would argue why I am correct and use examples to prove my point!

9. Body Paragraphs The meat and bones of your paper
This is where you prove your thesis
Each paragraph should have it’s own topic or focus
Each paragraph that starts with a topic sentence that tells the reader what the paragraph is about.
Example: In the vignette “Karl the Giant” Edward selflessly offers himself as a sacrifice to save the lives of his neighbors and fellow residents.

10. Body Paragraphs
Context
Evidence
Analysis

11. Context
Before you can give evidence (quotes) to prove your thesis, you have to give your reader some context.
How much context you give depends on your audience.
You should not repeat everything that happens in the book before your quote, but rather, just give enough to “set the scene.”

12. Context
Example:
Topic Sentence: In the vignette “How He Tamed the Giant” Edward selflessly offers himself as a sacrifice to save the lives of his neighbors and fellow residents.
Context: A giant is eating the town of Ashland out of house and home. After the giant eats two dogs, the townspeople are convinced they might be next. Edward Bloom offers to help.

13. Evidence: Quotes
You can’t prove your thesis with your own ideas alone. You MUST use the author’s own words to support your point.
You have to revisit the text and find specific examples that prove your point and then quote these examples in your paper.

14. Evidence: Quotes
Our paragraph so far: In the vignette “Karl the Giant” Edward selflessly offers himself as a sacrifice to save the lives of his neighbors and fellow residents. A giant is eating the town of Ashland out of house and home. After the giant eats two dogs, the townspeople are convinced they might be next. Edward Bloom offers to help.
Quote: “‘To you, O great Karl! We submit to your power. In order to save the many, we realize we must sacrifice a few. That makes me—what?—lunch?’” (32.)

15. Formatting Quotes
You always have to give credit to the original author when you use someone else’s words
To do this you start with “quotation marks” around the words you’re using
At the end of the quote, outside the quotation marks, you put the page number in (parenthesis) with a period outside the parenthesis.

16. The words you’re borrowing from the text
Formatting Quotes
Example: “blah blah blah blah blah” (32).
Close quotation mark
Period to end.
The words you’re borrowing from the text
Open quotation mark
Parenthesis around the page numbers

17. Analysis Analysis comes after you quote.
Analysis is composed of your ideas. It is opinion not fact.
Analysis is where you explain how the quote proves your thesis statement.
Analysis is the most important part of your paper next to your thesis.

18. Analysis
Our paragraph so far: In the vignette “Karl the Giant” Edward selflessly offers himself as a sacrifice to save the lives of his neighbors and fellow residents. A giant is eating the town of Ashland out of house and home. After the giant eats two dogs, the townspeople are convinced they might be next. Edward Bloom offers to help. He offers himself as a sacrifice, “‘To you, O great Karl! We submit to your power. In order to save the many, we realize we must sacrifice a few. That makes me—what?—lunch?’” (32.)
Proving himself to be a hero, Edward Bloom sacrifices himself to Karl so as to save the townspeople. While Karl does not actually want to eat Edward, there is no evidence that Edward knew this prior to offering himself as the sacrifice. His actions are selfless; he would rather save many than save himself.

19. RESTATE & EXPAND THESIS STATEMENT
Conclusion
SPECIFIC
REVIEW MAIN IDEA
RESTATE & EXPAND THESIS STATEMENT
FINAL THOUGHTS
BIG PICTURE COMMENT
BROAD

20. Conclusion Review Main Ideas Restate and Expand Thesis
Go back to your paragraphs and look at the main idea for each one.
Write 1-2 sentences that remind your reader of those ideas
Restate and Expand Thesis
Go back to your thesis statement. Find another way to say the same thing. Elaborate if you can.

21. Conclusion Final Thoughts Big Picture Comment
Make an important point about the BIG ideas you mention earlier
Big Picture Comment
Don’t bring in a new argument but try to find someway to connect your ideas to the real world
What do you want your reader to walk away knowing