1. Singular: only one person, place or thing

2. Plural noun: more than one

3. And, finally…noun gender.

4. Masculine- boy Feminine- girl Indefinite- either Neuter- neither

5. Masculine: brother Feminine: sister Indefinite: horse Neuter: socks

6. Compound Noun A noun made of two or more words.

7. Possessive Nouns Show ownership

8. Singular possessive Doctor’s stethoscope Surfer’s board Anybody’s guess Grandma’s feather bed

9. We’re talking about past and present tense.

10. It’s a gift, it’s called the present…

11. Give me a PRESENT today.

12. Present tense means NOW. This is NOT the now verb with “ing”, that is a different kind of verb. – Cast meow. – I snack. – She glances. – Lance owns. – Nathan crawls.

13. We don’t actually use present tense a whole lot. Usually we use it when talking about things that happen every day: – The bus comes at 9 AM. – She goes to school every morning. – Grandma goes to bed at 5:30 pm after she eats her prunes.

14. Rules for present tense verbs If your subject is singular (just one) and not “I” or “you,” add an s to the verb: – He snacks. – She glances. – Gretchen bristles.

15. MORE rules If your subject is plural, or “I” or “you”, don’t add an s: – Cats meow. – I snack. – They own. – Kari and Matt crawl. – You go over there.

16. AND…prepare yourself…this one is complicated… If the subject is singular (just one), AND the verb ends in s, x, ch, z, or sh…. Add es. – Robert blushes. – The pitcher pitches the ball. – The trainer coaxes him away. – She watches TV.

17. Another rule When the verb ends in a consonant and y, we change the y to i and add es for SINGULAR: I cry—She cries. They rely on you—She relies on you.

18. Plural Possessive Elephants’ trunks Waitresses’ aprons Bosses’ schedules Aunts’ houses Kids’ homework Newkirks’ house

20. PAST TENSE—first rule For a regular, not weird, verb… – To put it in the past tense, you add ed. He tossed the ball. She walked over there.

21. 1-1-1 rule You have a ONE-SYLLABLE verb that ends in a CONSONANT. To make it past tense, you can use a wonderful thing called the 1-1-1 rule:

22. 1-1-1 Rule: Hop. Is this word one syllable? Does the word have one vowel? Does the word end in one consonant?

23. Yes! This word follows the 1-1-1- pattern: 1 syllable 1 vowel 1 consonant at the end

24. For words that follow this rule, double the final consonant if you are making it past tense. Hopped Tripped Skipped Mapped Stopped Added

25. If the verb ends in e, you add a d to make it past tense: -bake, baked -writhe, writhed Next rule

26. And finally, if the verb ends in y, you change the y to i and add – ed: Dry- dried Apply- applied

28. Future tense

29. Has not yet occurred! Become a fortune teller.

30. Now, when you go FORMAL… Fancy writing Future tense in FORMAL writing is FANCY. SHALL Instead of WILL.

31. Fancy fancy fancy - SHALL We shall adapt. You shall cooperate. It shall be a black tie affair. Drinks shall be served at half past the hour.

32. NOT a fancy party. Informal: WILL. The party will be at ten. Hamburgers will be on the grill at 11. Drinks will be served. Little Bobby will open his presents at 12.

33. Now let’s talk about helping verbs. Every predicate has a verb. Sometimes the verb includes more than one word. When this happens, it is often because there is a HELPING VERB.

34. Example: – You MIGHT HAVE wondered about the origin of teddy bears.

35. Common helping verbs Is Am Are Was Were Be Being Been Has Have Had May Might Must Can Could Do Does Did Shall Will Should Would

36. SUBJECT… The WHO. Connecticut became a state in 1788. Fifty states make the United States.

37. PREDICATE… The WHAT. Connecticut became a state in 1788. Fifty states make the United States.

38. So here’s where it gets a little complicated…

39. Bobleft.

40. But what if Bob is really sad that we didn’t tell more about him so we want to make our sentence say, “Cute little Bob left for the hair salon.” In that case, the sentence would have a SIMPLE SUBJECT and SIMPLE PREDICATE.

41. Bobleft. Here, all we have is a WHO and a WHAT. These are the SIMPLE SUBJECT and SIMPLE PREDICATE.

42. Cute little BOBLEFT for the hair salon. Here, instead of keeping it SIMPLE, we made it COMPLICATED by adding bows to it.

43. Red-headed John played the piano all night.

44. Johnplayed. The SIMPLE version:

45. Red-headed JOHNPLAYED the piano all night. And, complicated, here we go! What is the SIMPLE subject?

46. The basketball player shoots baskets every day.

47. Playershoots. The SIMPLE version:

48. The basketball PLAYERSHOOTS baskets every day. And, complicated, here we go! What is the SIMPLE subject?

49. Simple predicate, same idea: – Tom told me a joke.

50. Tomtold. The SIMPLE version: Simple predicate is TOLD.

51. TOMTOLD me a joke. And, complicated, here we go! Simple predicate: Told.

52. But sometimes… We try to make a bike with only one wheel…and we end up talking like a caveman.

53. The girl with the dog.

54. Opened the book.

55. Jumping over the fence.

56. The doctor at the hospital.

57. The student with the notebook.

58. A bike with only one wheel… We call it a FRAGMENT. – A sentence missing the subject or verb.

59. A sentence can also be a fragment if it is missing punctuation marks, or using the wrong form of the verb (ing or to): – The girl walking her dog. – Jenny to make her bed.

60. Run-on Sentence Two bikes put together without proper punctuation or connecting words… – Not a four-wheeler, just a bike with four wheels that really doesn’t work. CAVEMAN!!!!

61. The invalid devised a plan to go to the market he should stay home until he recovers. Some people have only one sibling other people have two but some people have three. Exercise makes us feel better it is fun too.

62. In order to fix a run-on sentence you have to add and/so/but and punctuation: – Some people have only one sibling, and other people have two, but some people have three. – The invalid devised a plan to go to the market. He should stay home until he recovers. OR: Some people have only one sibling. Other people have two, but some people have three.

63. There are 4 kinds of sentences. -Declarative: makes a statement, like “I declare this day a holiday from school.” -Interrogative: a question—interrogates someone. “Where were you last night?” -Imperative: a command—imposes your demands on someone. “Turn around slowly and put your hands where I can see them.” -Exclamatory: has an exclamation point, shows excitement or strong feeling: “I didn’t do it!”

64. Recently we talked about…

65. PROPER nouns AKA SNOTTY nouns. They are better than everyone else. Because they are so high and mighty, they MUST be capitalized. Names of people, places and things.

66. COMMON nouns These are just regular Joes. Nothing special. They are not in love with themselves…so they don’t need you to capitalize them.

67. Proper nouns: Great Britain Lake Michigan Friday Legacy Preparatory Academy Homer Simpson Pillsbury Aunt Jemima’s Syrup July Halloween Oreo Hannah Montanah Hannibal Lecter

68. Common nouns country lake day month girl book chocolate

69. – Alley: a narrow street – Ally: someone who is on your side

70. – Miso: Greek prefix, means “hatred” – Misogynist: one who hates women – Misoneism: hatred of change – Misogamist: someone who hates marriage – Micro: a Greek prefix that means “small” – Macro: a Greek prefix that means “large”