1. Reconstruction Fifth Grade

2. Reconstruction Re- to do again Construct- build Reconstruction- to build again What is being “reconstructed”? Our country was badly damaged by the Civil War…emotionally and physically. –Emotionally-there were lots of bad feelings between the Northern and Southern states –Physically-homes, farms, hospitals were destroyed…particularly the South

3. Reconstruction of a Nation Reconstruction after the Civil War was the process of reorganizing the southern states into the Union. Throughout the South, livestock had been killed, as plantations and industries were destroyed. Productivity levels slowed down, and Southern productivity had depended on slave labor, which no longer existed. Without slaves after the war southern landholders reduced the size of their plantations. Landowners had to sell large portions of land. The concept of sharecropping began in the South. A tenant or sharecropper agreed to give the landowner, as rent, a portion of the crop raised from his labor. Sharecropping kept newly freed slaves in debt to landowners.

4. Reconstruction time period was from 1865-1877. President Lincoln’s goal was to unite southern states with the Union. The grand plan was to have a united nation.

5. AIMS of Reconstruction African Americans Abraham Lincoln United States Congress Andrew Johnson Southerners Preserve the Union and end Civil War quickly 13 th Amendment Humilate the Southern elite Wealthy Southerners had to ask for a Presidential Pardon Reunite families, Build churches Equal rights: land, education, voting Fix all the problems: 13, 14, 15 amendments Freedmen’s Bureau Return to a normal way of life Wanted to continue to be treated better than blacks Black Codes written to punish blacks

6. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution freed the slaves, gave them citizenship and guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race. The actions of the Freedman’s Bureau were to eliminate injustices to blacks and poor whites.

7. 13 th Amendment Freed the slaves everywhere in the United States. President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation was the start of this, but it didn’t free ALL slaves.

8. 14 th Amendment Guaranteed citizenship to all African Americans

9. 15 th Amendment Declared that all male citizens could vote and would not be denied because of “race, creed, or previous condition of servitude.”

10. Tableau Time Divide into 6 groups: 1.Reconstruction 2.13 th Amendment 3.Black codes 4.Freedmen’s Bureau 5.14 th Amendment 6.15 th Amendment Create a tableau. Write a script to explain.

11. KKK The Ku Klux Klan was originally a social organization of ex-Confederate soldiers. It grew into a terrorist group The KKK used violence, intimidation and voter fraud to keep African Americans from exercising their rights under the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th amendments. The Goodings

12. The Compromise of 1877 Democrats agreed to support the election of the Republican candidate of 1876 (the election was riddled with fraud due to KKK and other voter fraud) in exchange for the removal of all federal troops from the South. Back to last slide

13. Discrimination Groups and Laws Ku Klux Klan The Compromise of 1877The Compromise of 1877 Jim Crow Laws Plessy v Ferguson [1896]Plessy v Ferguson [1896] Discrimination in the North vs. South Supreme Court Justices that ruled on Plessy v Ferguson

14. Jim Crow Laws The name Jim Crow was ironically, a white man’s imitation of a dancing and singing black stableman. As a result, the white performers gave the name to a system of segregation in the South. The Supreme Court ruled in 1896 in Plessey v. Ferguson that separate facilities for whites and blacks was constitutional. This form of discrimination took out the gains made by blacks during this time.

15. Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow Laws were laws that promoted segregation in the South between the end of the Reconstruction period and the beginning of the Civil Rights movement. –segregation=separation Return to discrimination groups and laws

16. Review Questions 1.How were African Americans’ lives changed by black codes after the Civil War? a.They were forced to move to Canada. b.They had to sign pledges to obey federal laws. c.They were denied many rights. d.The codes has no effect.

17. Review Questions 2. Why was the Freedmen’s Bureau established? a.To help former slaves after the war. b.To punish the former Confederate states. c.To help African Americans settle in Europe. d.To elect Civil War generals to the Senate.

18. Review Questions 3. Why were many in Congress offended by President Johnson’s position on Reconstruction? a.They opposed the work of the Freedmen’s Bureau. b.President Johnson favored equal voting rights for women. c.They supported the efforts of the Ku Klux Klan in the South. d.South states could still limit the rights of African Americans.

19. Effects on African Americans Rights & Reasons Freedmen’s Restrictions to Relocate Bureau Jim Crow Laws 40 acres Land/ Sharecropping Freedom Black Codes Vote “Grandfather Clause” Reading test Poll Taxes Reunite with families Establish communities Churches Schools businesses Food Clothing Medical care Education Protection Find jobs Land

20. Jump Start #1 What was one of the major differences between a sharecropper and a slave? There was no difference. Sharecroppers were very wealthy. Sharecroppers were paid in shares for the work they did on the farm. Sharecroppers were paid in gold.

21. Jump Start #2 What enforced the separation of African Americans and other races in the South? Reconstruction laws Jim Crow laws Congress Freedman’s Bureau

22. Jump Start #3 Why did Congress disagree with President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction? They did not want to include all of the southern states. They did not want slavery to end. It punished the South. They thought it was too easy on the South.

23. Economic & Social Effects of Reconstruction Landowners Freedmen Northerners Poor Whites

24. True or False 1. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves. 2. The Southerners’ aim for Reconstruction was to end the war, but to keep the slaves. 3. Jefferson Davis became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. 4. President Lincoln wanted to unify the country as quickly as possible. 5. The 15 th Amendment gave African Americans, men and women, the right to vote.

25. The Black Codes “I Am” Poem I am (two special characteristics) I wonder (something you are actually curious about) I hear (an imaginary sound) I see (an imaginary sight) I want (an actual desire) I am (the first line of the poem restated) I pretend (something you pretend to do) I feel (a feeling about something imaginary) I touch (an imaginary touch) I worry (something that really bothers you) I cry (something that makes you very sad) I am (the first line of the poem repeated) I understand (something you know is true) I say (something you believe in) I dream (something you actually dream about) I try (something you make an effort to do) I hope (something you actually hope for) I am (the first line of the poem repeated)

26. The Black Codes “I Am” Poem I am a strong FREED African American. I wonder if this freedom is really free. I hear the voices of other freed slaves, heading for their new homes. I see a Freedmen’s Bureau up ahead. I want to start my new life on a farm of my own. I am a strong FREED African American. I pretend that I’m not afraid. I feel frightened that a Night Rider might capture or kill me. I touch the scars on my back from the whippings at the whipping tree. I worry that I won’t survive on my own. I cry when I think of what it means to be free. I am a strong FREED African American. I understand President Lincoln has been shot. I say it won’t make a difference. I dream that I will get my 40 acres and a mule. I try to remain positive. I hope for a better life. I am a strong FREED African American.

27. Jim Crow Laws15 th amendment 14 th Amendment13 th Amendment Freedmen’s Bureau 1.Helped 4 million freedmen after the war. 2.Laws that enforced segregation 3.Granted citizenship to African Americans 4.Abolished slavery 5.Granted all men the right to vote. Match these words with their descriptions:

28. Short Answer Questions (in COMPLETE sentences) 1.What was the overall goal of the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th amendments? 2.How were the lives of African Americans made more difficult after the end of Reconstruction? 3.What effect did black codes have on African Americans? 4.Why were many African Americans still unable to vote even after the 15 th amendment was passed? 5.Explain the system of sharecropping. Why many African Americans forced into this system after being freed? Sharecropping is…