1. Cultural Heritage and its Management Chaco Culture National Historical Park Larry J. Zimmerman

2. What does the past mean? How do we ‘connect’ to it? San Rock Art, Eastern Cape, South Africa How do we use it?

3. What are Heritage Resources? Chaco Canyon Pottery What is heritage?

4. Districts, buildings, sites, structures, and objects significant in a culture’s history, architecture, archaeology, and engineering, which possess integrity of location, setting, design materials, workmanship, and feeling and association

5. Who Owns the Past? Is it a public heritage? Is it owned by those from whose culture it originated? Crow Creek Massacre Remains, South Dakota, circa AD 1325

6. Crow Creek Massacre Reburial, 1981

7. The Struggle for Kennewick/The Ancient One

8. Does it matter who tells the story?

9. US?

10. Or them?

11. Obviously, many of us have strong opinions about it.

12. Purposeful Destruction of Heritage

13. Destruction of the Stone Buddhas of Bamiyan in Central Afghanistan

14. Taliban Religious Fervor March 8, 2001

15. A Plan for Restoration? Painted ceiling of one Buddha

16. December 6, 1992 Destruction of the Babri Masjid Mosque, Ayohdya, India

17. What Happens Next?

18. Is imitation heritage still heritage?

19. Lascaux II: The Price of Heritage Tourism

20. From Stonehenge…

21. and New Age Solstice Rituals… England, 2003

22. … to Foamhenge Natural Bridge, Virginia

23. Can heritage be restored?

24. The Great Sphinx Restoration Project

25. Angkor, Cambodia Restoration Project

26. Restoration of Angkor A multinational enterprise

27. Closer to Home Morris-Butler Home Walker Building Union StationAngel Mounds, Evansville

28. In developed nations, heritage management is an industry in its own right.

29. Same here in the USA

30. National Park Service oversees the CRM process in the US.

31. Cultural Resources Management and Archaeology CRM is approximately a $125,000,000 industry in the US annually. CRM is largest employer of archaeologists at all levels of education. CRM is the largest employer of BA level anthropology graduates. CRM, a free journal from NPS

32. US Cultural Resources Management National Historic Preservation Act, 1966 and the National Register of Historic Places

33. What is the National Register of Historic Places? The National Register is maintained by the National Park Service, Department of Interior. It is the nation’s official list of districts, buildings, sites, structures, and objects documented as significant to American history, architecture & archaeology, but… …defined at the local level.

34. That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or That are associated with the lives of significant persons in our past; or That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or That have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory. How do we know what’s significant? Sites or objects:

35. Sacred Sites and Traditional Cultural Properties Bear Butte SD

36. Traditional Cultural Properties Eligible for inclusion in the National register of Historic Places because of their "association with cultural practices or beliefs of a living community that a)are rooted in that community's history, b)are important in maintaining the continuing cultural identity of the community.

37. Broadlawns, Burial Mounds, and Cell Towers TCPs and CRM: A Case Study from Iowa

39. Two Woodland Tradition Burial Mounds Damaged

40. Taking Down the Tower

41. The crane alone cost about $120,000!

42. What’s left to get rid of? Plenty!

43. Unfortunately, only one of the mounds

44. The Hospital, State Archaeologist, Iowa Indian Advisory Board, and the Cell Phone Company agree on what to do… …rebuild the mounds and restore the area. Howard Matalba Maria Pearson, Shirley Schermer, Steve Dasovich

45. The Process Selecting Clean Fill Strip off the ground cover

46. Cleaning up the site

47. Jackhammer away the top 3’ of the support

48. Figuring out the height of the mound

49. Bringing in Fill

50. Moundbuilding, 2001

51. Seeding and installing natural ground cover

52. Watching the grass grow

53. The Cost? About $1,500,000 $85,000 for landscaping $200,000 for ground work $120,000 for the crane $1,195,000 for two new towers