1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Segregation and Discrimination

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Assess how whites created a segregated society in the South and how African Americans responded. Analyze efforts to limit immigration. Compare the situations of Mexican Americans and of women to those of other groups. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People Jim Crow laws – segregation laws enacted in the South after Reconstruction poll tax – tax which voters were required to pay to vote literacy test – reading and writing test formerly used in some southern states to prevent African Americans from voting grandfather clause – a law which allowed a person to vote only if his ancestors had voted prior to 1866, also used to disenfranchise African American citizens

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People (continued) Booker T. Washington – the most famous black leader during the late 19th century, he encouraged African Americans to build up their economic resources through hard work W.E.B. Du Bois – a black leader in the late 19 th century who disagreed with Washington and argued that blacks should demand full and immediate equality Ida B. Wells – an African American teacher who bought a newspaper and embarked on a lifelong crusade against the practice of lynching

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People (continued) Las Gorras Blancas – a group of Mexican Americans who protested their loss of land in the Southwest by targeting the property of large ranch owners

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How were the civil and political rights of certain groups in America undermined during the years after Reconstruction? In the course of the Gilded Age, the equal rights extended to African Americans during Reconstruction were narrowed. This move away from equality for all had a lasting impact on society in the United States.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Federal troops were removed from the South in 1876. Ways in which blacks’ right to vote was restricted in the South: Segregation via Jim Crow laws became the norm, and African Americans lost voting rights. poll taxes literacy tests grandfather clauses violence

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The many strategies used to keep African American voters away from the polls were very effective.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In addition to losing their voting rights, African Americans also faced widespread segregation in the South and in the North. The constitutionality of Jim Crow laws was upheld by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. Still, African Americans refused to accept their status as second-class citizens. Several important leaders emerged and called for equality.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Booker T. Washington was the most famous black leader of the late 19 th century. Washington believed that black citizens should focus their energies on building up their own economic resources through hard work, instead of using those energies to overturn Jim Crow.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Some disagreed with Booker T. Washington. W.E.B. Du Bois argued that blacks should demand full and equal rights immediately. Du Bois felt the burden of achieving equality should not rest on the shoulders of African Americans alone. Another black leader was Ida B. Wells, who devoted her life to the crusade against lynching.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Las Gorras Blancas, a Mexican American group, fought for their rights by inflicting property damage on landowners and publishing grievances in their own newspaper. In the Southwest, four out of five Mexican Americans lost their land after the Mexican- American War, despite a treaty which guaranteed their property rights. Mexican Americans struggled against discrimination.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Faced with severe job discrimination, some Chinese Americans managed to start their own businesses. Chinese immigrants also faced racial prejudice in the West at this time. The Chinese Exclusion Act prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Prior to the Civil War, women played a large role in reform movements, including the call to abolish slavery. Leaders wanted to further women’s rights and were disappointed when women were not included in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Awaiting trial, she toured the nation, delivering a powerful speech on the issue. Activists did not secure women’s suffrage during the 19th century. Susan B. Anthony voted in an election in 1872 and was arrested.