1. Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896)
Section 4 Change in the South

2. Section 4-Polling Question
Which of the following is most important to gaining freedom and equality?
A. Education
B. Money
C. The right to vote
D. The right to run for government office A B C D

3. Essential Question
How did the South change politically, economically, and socially when Reconstruction ended?

4. Grant’s Administration
During Grant’ administration, Northerners began losing interest in Reconstruction
It was time for the South to solve its own problems
Radical leaders began to disappear from politics (Thaddeus Stevens died)
Southerners felt they knew how to deal with African Americans
Southerners protested what they called the “bayonet rule”
The use of federal troops to support Reconstruction governments

5. Republican Revolt
1870s- Rumors of corruption in Grant’s administration and in Reconstruction governments spread
Some Republicans split the party over the issue of corruption
Another broke away over Reconstruction
Called themselves the Liberal Republicans
Nominated Horace Greeley to run against Grant in 1872
Grant was reelected

6. Amnesty Act Pardoned most former Confederates
Full rights were granted including voting
Most were in the Democratic party
Democrats soon gained control of state governments in the South
The KKK helped the Democrats take power by terrorizing Republican voters

7. Republican Problems 1873- A series of political scandals came to light
One scandal was with the vice president
These scandals damaged the Grant administration and the Republicans
Grant and the nation also endured a severe economic depression
Started with the Panic of 1873 when a series of bad railroad investments forced the powerful banking firm of Jay Cooke and Company to declare bankruptcy

8. Panic of 1873
Forced small banks to close and the stock market to plummet
1000s of businesses shut down
Tens of 1000s of Americans were out of work
Blame for the hard times fell on the Republicans
Congressional election of Democrats gained seats in the Senate and House of Representatives
This weakened Congress’ commitment to Reconstruction
And on protecting African American Rights

9. Election of 1876 The Republicans wanted someone besides Grant
Republicans wanted to win back Liberal Republicans and unite the party
The Republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, governor of Ohio
Hayes was honest and had moderate views of Reconstruction
Democrats nominated Samuel Tilden, governor of New York
Tilden gained fame by fighting corruption in New York City

10. Election of 1876 Continued
Tilden looked like the winner (250,000 more votes)
4 states had disputed results and kept the outcome in doubt
Tilden had 184 electoral votes.
1 short of winning
Hayes needed all 20 of the disputed votes to win
A commission was set up to decide and they voted 8 to 7 to award all 20 votes to Hayes

11. Compromise of 1877
Democrats in Congress threatened to fight the decision
Republicans and Southern Democrats reportedly met in secret to work out an agreement
March 2, Hayes was declared the winner
The Compromise of The new government would give more aid to the South
Republicans would withdraw all remaining troops from Southern states
The Democrats promised to maintain African American rights

12. A New Policy
In his Inaugural Address, Hayes declared that what the South needed most was…
The restoration of “wise, honest, and peaceful local self-government”
Hayes decided to let the Southerners handle racial issues
The federal government would no longer attempt to reshape Southern society
Reconstruction was over

13. Democrats in Control Large landowning Democrats took power
But also merchants, bankers and other business leaders who supported economic development
They called themselves “Redeemers”
They redeemed the South from Republican rule
They adopted conservative policies (lower taxes and reduced government spending)
They cut services from Reconstruction (Including public education)
These policies dominated Southern politics into the 1900s

14. Rise of the New South
Southerners looked to develop a strong industrial economy
This “New South” would have industries based on the region’s abundant coal, iron, tobacco, cotton, and lumber
Textile and iron mills sprang up across the South
Industry grew because there was a cheap and reliable workforce
Factory workers put in long hours for low wages
The railroad system was rebuilt and doubled in 10 years (1880 to 1890)
Agriculture remained the South’s main economic activity

15. Rural Economy
Supporters of the New South wanted to have the small farms raise a variety of crops rather than cotton
But most went to unprofitable sharecropping
Debt caused problems for poor farmers
To repay debts, farmers grew cash crops
Main crop was cotton
Too much cotton was produced and prices fell

16. A Divided Society
Dreams of justice faded for African Americans when Reconstruction faded
The 15th Amendment prohibited states from denying the right to vote because of race
Southerners found a way to get around this Amendment
Southerners required a poll tax (many African Americans and poor whites couldn’t vote)
Another approach was to make prospective voters take a literacy test (Had to read difficult parts of the Constitution)
Literacy tests also kept some whites from voting so some states passed grandfather clauses
If your father or grandfather voted it gave you the right to vote
These laws and threat of violence caused African American voting to decline drastically

17. Jim Crow Laws By 1890s segregation was a common feature of the South
The South passed Jim Crow laws that required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place
1896- Plessy v. Ferguson- Segregation was legal as long as it was equal
“Separate but equal”
The facilities were in no way equal
White violence rose including lynching

18. Reconstruction’s Impact
Reconstruction was a success and a failure
It helped the South rebuild its economy
But most of the South remained agricultural and poor
African Americans gained greater equality, created their own institutions, and shared in governments with whites
Their advancements did not last
Civil rights leader W.E.B. Du Bois said “The slave went free, stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery”

19. Essential Question
How did the South change politically, economically, and socially when Reconstruction ended?
-Politically: power shifted to Democrats, who instituted conservative policies
-Economically- developed more industries, agriculture included sharecropping and tenant farming as well as large plantations
-Socially- laws created segregation and limited African American voting rights, white violence against African Americans increased

20. Chapter 17 Section 4 Quiz
THE LAST ONE!

21. Most former Confederates were pardoned by the
Confederate Act.
Amnesty Act.
Fifteenth Amendment.
Fourteenth Amendment.

22. Reconstruction ended with the
Amnesty Act.
Compromise of 1877.
Civil Rights Act of 1875.
Fifteenth Amendment.

23. Farmers thought that the quickest way to repay debt was to grow
sugarcane.
cash crops.
tobacco.
corn.

24. As a means of keeping poor people and African Americans from voting, many Southern states required
a crop tax.
Jim Crow laws.
Reconstruction laws.
a poll tax.

25. What type of society did Southern states form by passing the Jim Crow laws?
an integrated society
a healthy society
a segregated society
an economic society

26. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
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Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

27. Team Scores
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Team 2
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5