1. There were many effects of the Reconstruction, and not all of them were good.

3. Standard 8.11.2: Identify the push-pull factors I the movement of former slaves to the cities in the North and to the West and their differing experiences in those regions. Standard 8.11.3: Understand the effects of the Freedmen’s Bureau and the restrictions placed on the rights and opportunities of freedmen, including racial segregation and “Jim Crow” laws.

4. poll tax: a personal tax to be paid before voting. literacy test: a test to see if a person can read and write. grandfather clause: a provision that allowed a voter to skip a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867.

5. segregation: enforced separation of races. Homer Plessy sharecropper: a laborer who works the land for the farmer who owns it, in exchange for a share of the value of the crop.

6. Main Idea & Details 1.Fold 1 paper into 5 sections for notes. 1.Write down the section heading and the main idea. You will fill in the details at the end of the lesson.

7. Reconstruction’s Conclusion A deal between President Hayes and southern Democrats led to the end of Reconstruction. o By 1869, Republican opponents began to take back the South. o By 1877, Democrats controlled all southern states. o The election of 1876 did not produce a clear winner and had to be decided by Congress. o Rutherford B. Hayes, a Republican, was appointed president by a special commission with the understanding he would end Reconstruction. o Once in office he removed all federal troops from the South.

8. African Americans Lose Rights Laws passed by southern states after Reconstruction cost African Americans most of their civil rights. o African Americans began to lose their political and civil rights in the South. o Southern states imposed a poll tax, a personal tax to be paid before voting. o Another law required voters to pass a literacy test. o A grandfather clause allowed a voter to skip a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867.

9. African Americans Lose Rights Laws passed by southern states after Reconstruction cost African Americans most of their civil rights. o Southern states created a network of laws requiring segregation, or enforced separation of races. o These “Jim Crow” laws barred the mixing of races in almost every aspect of life. o The Supreme Court consistently ruled that Jim Crow laws were constitutional. o In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court said a law could require “separate” facilities, so long as they were “equal.”

10. A Cycle of Poverty Freedmen farmers were forced into a cycle of poverty nearly impossible to escape. o Poverty forced most rural African Americans to become sharecroppers. o Sharecroppers hoped to save money to eventually buy land of their own. o They usually became locked in a cycle of debt. o Opportunities dwindled in southern towns and cities as skilled jobs were often closed to African Americans.

11. Industrial Growth By the 1880s, the South had begun to develop its own resources and industries. o Agriculture recovered within 10 years after the end of the war. o Cotton production and tobacco production grew rapidly. o The textile industry became an important component of the southern economy. o The South began to develop its own resources. o New mills and factories grew up to use the South’s iron, timber, and oil.

12. INDEPENDENT WORK 1.Read pages 432-437 in the History textbook. 1.Take more detailed notes based on the “big idea” concepts just introduced.

13. HOMEWORK CONNECTION  Complete 12-3 Section Quiz  Write a detailed SUMMARY of the section and complete the UNANSWERED QUESTIONS section of your notes.  Choose two of the remaining Depth & Complexity ICONS in your notes and explain how they relate to this section.